2. Arctic Ocean

6. The properties of water

7. Pre-reading 1. What are _____________________? 2. What do _____________________ look like? 3. What are the different parts of _______? 4. What can _________ be compared to? 5. How does _________ work? 6. What are some examples of ______________? the properties of water oceans the oceans life in the oceans the oceans

8. The keys 1. Water is polar, water is a liquid at room temperature; water has a low freezing point (density 1,000 kg/m 3 ; high heat capacity) 3.Not given. 4.Surface, bottom, open ocean, estuaries. 5.Not given. 6.Not given/ the oceans are made of water, and water is the source of life.

9. Part one 1. What is the chemical structure of water? 2. What does it look like? 3. What are different parts of chemical structure? 4. How does it work? Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Positive end, negative end. It causes water to be able to dissolve both solids and gases.

10. Part two Salinity 1. What is salinity? 2. What are different parts of salinity? 3. How does salinity work? 4. What are some examples of salinity? Dissolved gases and solids mixed with pure water. It affects water’s weight and freezing point. Ocean water.

11. Part three density 1. What is density? 2. What are different parts of density? 3. How does it work? 4. What are some example of density? The relationship between mass and volume. Mass and volume. A less dense substance floats on a more dense substance. Water (1,000 kg/ ); oil (less dense)

12. Part four heat capacity 1. What is heat capacity? 2. What are different parts of it? 3. How does it work? 4. What are some example of density? The amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of a substance one degree centigrade. Energy and temperature. It determines how a substance absorbs and release heat. Water’s heat capacity helps keep the earth’s temperature steady.

13. Part five Ocean motion 1.What is heat capacity? 2.What does it look like? 3.What are different parts of it? 4.How does it work? The movement of water caused by changes in salinity and temperature. Density, temperature, salinity. More dense water sinks and pushes less dense water to the surface.

14. Chemical structure What is it? The water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The water molecule is polar – it has a slightly negative and a slightly positive end. What is it good for? Because water is polar, it can break down nutrients quickly. The chemical structure of water also makes it different from most other substances; it is a liquid at room temperature and has a relative high freezing point.

15. Density What is it? Density is the relationship between mass and volume. What is it good for? It helps small creatures float. Because it decreases when it freezes, the ocean never freeze totally.

16. Heat capacity What is it? It is the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of a substance one degree centigrade. What is good for? It keeps the ocean at a steady temperature, which makes it a good place to live for creatures that are sensitive to sudden changes in temperature. The water in oceans also keeps the temperature of earth steady.