1. Conservation Biology and Legislation

2. 1st federal law protecting wildlife
A Little History…
U.S. Lacey Act of 1900: prohibits trade in wildlife, fish, and plants that have been illegally taken, transported or sold.
1st federal law protecting wildlife

3. Conservation Biology
Research an org. to find best way to protect the species and its surrounding habitat.

4. In-Situ Conservation “In the field” conservation
Done by protecting them in their habitat.

5. Ex-Situ Conservation “Out of the field” when few individs left
Conserving/ helping the population repopulate in a lab, zoo, aquarium.

8. Bald Eagle Conservation
1963= 417 nesting pairs
Loss of habitat, hunted, DDT
Ex-Situ rehab.
Aug 8, 07: off End Species List!

10. Seed Banks Ex-Situ: Saves plants from destruction
Cryogenically frozen for future
Stored in duplicate locations

11. Ex-Situ: Breed plants and educate
Botanical Gardens
Ex-Situ: Breed plants and educate

12. Raising public awareness
Aquariums: Ex-Situ
Grow corals
Rehab injured animals
Raising public awareness

13. Artificial Insemination
Zoos: Ex-Situ
Artificial Insemination
Embryo Transfer
Education

14. National Conservation Orgs
Audubon Society
American Cetacean Society
National Wildlife Federation, Sierra Club, Tree People

15. International Conservation Orgs
World Conservation Union (IUCN)
World Wildlife Fund
Nature Conservancy: Buys land to establish reserves

16. 1973 -illegal to import or trade products of E. S
1973 -illegal to import or trade products of E.S. unless used for science (USFWS)
Species on list cannot be “taken”, threatened, killed, harmed: habitat can’t be harmed

18. Decision must be made on biological basis Must develop a recovery plan
1350 species listed (4000 candidates)

19. Problems w/ ESA Encourages people to destroy land before listing
No focus on ecosystem
Is inflexible and political
Focus on charismatic megafauna
Only 8 species de listed

20. International Laws
CITES - Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species
Created by IUCN
Prohibits trade of live specimens or products of 900 species on list

21. Ring-Tailed Lemur: App I Squirrel Monkey: App II
CITES
Uses appendices for classification.
Appendix 1: endangered.
Appendix 2: threatened.
An org. can be on both CITES and US ESA!
Squirrel Monkey: App II

22. Common Hippo: Vulnerable Angel Shark: Crit. Endang.
IUCN’s Red List
Assess conservation status of global species.
Use Critically Endangered, Endangered, and Vulnerable.
Common Hippo: Vulnerable
Angel Shark: Crit. Endang.

23. International Whaling Commission
Regulates whaling
Bans on gill-netting, purse seines
Japan/Finland/Iceland no sign!

25. Marine Mammal Protection Act
1972, All marine mammals are protected
Prohibits "take” of marine mammals in U.S. waters and by U.S. citizens on the high seas

26. How to Save End. Species
Establish parks, preserves and wilderness areas that are not fragmented!

27. How to Save End. Species Enforce legislation such as US ESA and CITES.
Support $$ env. organizations.

28. Control human population and consumption!
How to Save End. Species
Control human population and consumption!

29. Restore damaged habitats Regulate private land use.
How to Save End. Species
Restore damaged habitats
Reforest
Regulate private land use.