1. GV Activities in Brazil: Brazilian initiative towards the establishment of GPM-BR program Carlos A. Morales, Carlos Frederico Angelis, Luiz A. T. Machado, Roberto V. Calheiros, Reinaldo B. Silveira, Maria A. S. Dias, Eduardo Assad, Augusto Pereira, Raimundo N. F. Mussi

2. GPM-Brazil In October of 2004, The Space Agency of Brazil (AEB) creates the program with the participation of INPE, INMET, USP, IPMet/UNESP, and EMBRAPA; Annual budget for proposal submissions; In the first semester of 2005 the Federal Government of Brazil approves the PNAE-2005- 2014 with a recommendation for GPM mission.

3. The Brazilian government acknowledges the importance of the global precipitation monitoring and proposes the launch of a “Multi Sensor Platform” to measure precipitation along with the GPM program. Possible Satellite characteristics: Tropical Orbit Satellite; Microwave Imager similar to INDIAN MATRA sensor; WFI/CCD of CBERS satellite (lightning observations); Data reception and transmission to automatic weather stations;

4. Main Planned Actions Brazilian Ground Validation network; Rainfall Ground Validation; Development of ground receiver radiometers; Development of microwave radiative transfer code coupled with a NWP model that is operational in Brazil; Dissemination of GPM rainfall products;

5. Brazilian Ground Validation Network Operational radars in Brazil: 20 - Doppler S-Band 1 - S-Band 1 - Doppler C-Band 1 - Doppler X-Band Manufactures: 15 - EEC Radars 7 - TECTELCOM 1 - McGill Software: 17 Gamic; 2 IRIS; 1 EDGE; 1 EDGE; 1 McGill; 1 Univ. Paul Sabatier

6. Automatic weather stations transmitted to CPTEC-INPE

7. Radar Integration - I 1)Volumetric 240 km data are stored, every 15 minutes; 2)CAPPIs are transmitted to CPTEC to produce rainfall mosaics: 3)Rain gauges are stored at CPTEC Second Stage 4)Volumetric data will be transmitted to a database; 5)Radar re-processing; 6)Development of rainfall products; Scientific collaboration between INPE, USP, INMET, DEMET, IPMet/UNESP, TECSAT/UNIVAP allowed the integration of 9 weather radars.

8. Radar Integration - II Third Stage 7) Other radar institutes are being invited to integrate the network; 8) Volumetric data will also be stored in the main database; 9)Hourly adjusted rainfall fields: Radar + gauges + satellite rainfall estimation

9. Rainfall Ground Validation Rainfall characterization: - Rainfall PDF´s as a function of precipitating systems; - Mean drop size distribution as a function of precipitating systems; - Mean vertical hydrometeor distributions (aircraft measurements); Validation of Rainfall Estimates: - Retrieval of the bias, and analysis of the bias dependency (rainfall intensity, Cv/St, precipitating systems, and etc.)

10. Main Ground Validation Site Presidente Prudente Bauru Sao Roque Salesopolis Sao Jose dos Campos 4 - Disdrometers 20 Tipping buckets Radiometers: 7, 22, 31, 43, 92 GHz 1 - Disdrometer RadioSonde 56 Automatic weather stations in SP state Cloud microphysics aircraft Lightning Network USP/XPOL-2006

11. Ground Receiver Radiometers Collaboration with radio- astronomy groups for Rx development. portable 22 and 31 GHz was tested during the 2002-LBA field campaign; Working now on the new 92 GHz; Tests with the radiometers (7, 22, 31, 43, 92 GHz) in the radio-observatory of Atibaia will be carried out next austral summer Radiometer designed in Brazil (22-31 GHz)

12. Efforts of the Brazilian scientific community towards the ground validation

13. 150 GHz on HSB Border

14. 183.33  7 GHz on HSB

15. GPROF X PR X Rain Gauges 4 months of data over the Amazon Region Rain Gauges PR-2A25 GPROF-2A12-V6

16. GPROF X PR Cv and St partitions

17. PR X Disdrometer TRMM Disdrometer

18. Horizontal Resolution dependency on Horizontal Gradients TRMM-PR Bauru Radar

19. Differences of Tb(85 GHz) x R relationships for precipitation systems size

21. Seasonal intercomparisons between GCM(RegCM) and 3A25-V6 over the continent in Southeastern Brazil DJF 10 o x10 o

22. Planned Field Campaigns BARCA 2006 – Amazon Region Radar and aircraft measurements; TroCCiBras 2008, (TROCCINOX/HIBISCUS), São Paulo State Radar and aircraft measurements;