1. Animal Reproduction

2. Advantage of sexual reproduction: Advantage of asexual reproduction:

3. Animal Reproduction Advantage of sexual reproduction: diversity Advantage of asexual reproduction: efficiency

4. Anatomy: testes seminiferous tubules epididymis vas deferens seminal vesicles prostate gland bulbourethral glands semen glans prepuce (foreskin) follicle corpus luteum oviduct (fallopian tube) uterus endometrium cervix hymen labia minora & majora clitoris Bartholin’s glands

5. Gametogenesis: Spermatogonia become primary spermatocytes Meiosis produces four sperm cells Maturation in the epididymis takes 65- 75 days Three million sperm manufactured each day. Oogonia become primary oocytes, present at birth, arrested in prophase I Each month, one secondary oocyte is released, arrested at Metaphase II Entry of sperm triggers completion of meiosis II.

6. Menstrual Cycle

8. hypothalamus pituitary uterus menstruation follicle

9. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus pituitary uterus follicle GnRH

10. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus pituitary uterus follicle GnRH FSH & LH

11. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus pituitary uterus thickens follicle GnRH FSH & LH estrogen

12. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus pituitary uterus thickens follicle GnRH FSH & LH estrogen

13. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus pituitary uterus thickens follicle GnRH FSH & LH estrogen

14. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus pituitary uterus thickens follicle GnRH FSH & LH estrogen

15. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus pituitary uterus thickens follicle GnRH FSH & LH estrogen

16. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus pituitary uterus thickens follicle GnRH FSH & LH estrogen

17. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus pituitary uterus thickens follicle GnRH FSH & LH estrogen

18. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus pituitary uterus thickens follicle GnRH FSH & LH estrogen

19. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus pituitary uterus thickens follicle GnRH FSH & LH estrogen

20. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus pituitary uterus thickens follicle GnRH FSH & LH estrogen Ovulation !

21. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus pituitary uterus follicle GnRH FSH & LH estrogen corpus luteum

22. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus pituitary uterus follicle GnRH FSH & LH estrogen corpus luteum ovum

23. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus pituitary uterus develops endometrium follicle GnRH FSH & LH estrogen & progesterone corpus luteum ovum

24. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus pituitary uterus develops endometrium follicle GnRH FSH & LH estrogen & progesterone corpus luteum ovum Stop!

25. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus pituitary uterus develops endometrium follicle GnRH FSH & LH estrogen & progesterone corpus luteum ovum Stop!

26. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus pituitary uterus develops endometrium follicle GnRH FSH & LH estrogen & progesterone corpus luteum ovum Stop!

27. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus pituitary uterus menstruation follicle GnRH FSH & LH estrogen & progesterone corpus luteum ovum

28. BACK TO THE BEGINNING hypothalamus pituitary uterus menstruation follicle GnRH

29. Reproductive Technologies vasectomy condom Nonoxol-9 proper use storage mishaps penile implants Viagra oral contraceptives progesterone-only Norplant Depo-Provera tubal ligation diaphragm MAP IUD RU486

30. Reproductive Technologies