1. Entomology Kit Climate Data Analysis Tutorial Vandalia Science Education Updated November 2011

2. Degree-Hour Determination A degree-hour is a unit of measure for charting insect growth. It is just an expression for the amount of time spent at a specific temperature. For example, flies that are incubated at 90 degrees for one hour will have the same level of development as those that are kept at 45 degrees for two hours. 90 degrees * 1 hour = 90 degree-hours 45 degrees * 2 hours = 90 degree-hours 30 degrees * 3 hours = 90 degree-hours

3. Degree-Hour Determination Knowns Bodies discovered at 1:00PM on June 20 Insects collected at 3:00PM on June 20 Weather type (sunny, partly cloudy, overcast) Weather events (rain, thunderstorms, snow) Daily average temperature Male and Female had the same species and lifecycles present (Migrating 3 rd Instar Species A, 2 nd Instar Species B) Unknowns Elapsed degree-hours for each day Degree-hours for each life stage of both species Cumulative degree-hours for each life stage of both species Cumulative elapsed degree hours for each day Which day the adult insect from both species laid its eggs Earliest and latest time the insects began developing

4. Elapsed degree-hours for each day Every daily average temperature in the month will be multiplied by 24 except June 20. The collection time was 3:00PM on June 20, this tells us to multiply the average temperature on this day by 15 hours (12:00AM through 3:00PM = 15hrs) instead of 24 hours Lab Procedure 2, Step 2: Determine the number of degree hours for each day using the weather service data. To do this, multiply the average temperature times 24 hours for each day. This can be performed in a spreadsheet.

5. Elapsed degree-hours for each day DA Y MAXMINAVGDEPA R- TURE FROM NORM AL HEATIN G COOLIN G TOTA L WATE R EQUI V SNOW- FALL, ICE PELLET S SNOW, ICE PELLETS OR ICE ON GROUND AVG SPEE D (MPH ) AVG SPEED (KPH) SKY COVER SUNRISE -SUNSET WEATHER OCCUREN CES PEAK WIND (KPH) degree hours 118.310.616.1-1.92.20.00.00006.310.0860 S 18.7 386.666667 219.412.815.0-3.0-1.73.30.00.090013.822.0860 SE 26.2 360 317.29.412.8-5.2-2.95.60.00.190017.227.5285 SW 33.3 306.666667 420.010.613.3-4.7-2.65.00.00.280012.319.6891W 38.6320 521.112.819.41.40.80.01.10.000011.117.7671,2 W 28.3 466.666667 625.616.720.62.61.40.02.20.00008.112.9660 SW 24.3 493.333333 723.915.219.41.40.80.01.10.07006.310.0880 S 16.7 466.666667 820.612.816.1-1.90.0 0.110013.221.1280 S 27.9 386.666667 922.113.918.90.90.50.00.60.00004.26.7230 SE 10.3 453.333333 1025.012.616.1-1.90.0 0.00008.8814.20860 S 22.7 386.666667 1122.18.915.3-2.7-1.50.0 0.670019.631.3663,5S 32.4367.2 1214.59.410.5-7.5-4.20.0 1.13T023.537.681,3,5 SW 43.8 252 1316.77.212.1-5.9-3.30.0 0.230014.222.7271,2S 29.8290.4 1419.39.315.0-3.0-1.70.0 0.020010.516.881S 24.5360 1516.58.912.8-5.2-2.90.0 T0011.919.0440 SW 23 306.666667 1618.910.713.3-4.7-2.60.0 0.00006.410.2430W 19.2320 1716.89.512.9-5.1-2.80.0 0.00009.515.230S 27.2309.6 1819.410.716.4-1.6-0.90.0 0.000011.117.7620W 26.3393.6 1919.110.915.9-2.1-1.20.02.80.00004.67.3610 SW 17.8 381.6 2022.012.818.40.40.20.05.00.00007.411.8410W 23.1276

6. Elapsed degree-hours for each day DA Y MAXMINAVGDEPA R- TURE FROM NORM AL HEATIN G COOLIN G TOTA L WATE R EQUI V SNOW- FALL, ICE PELLET S SNOW, ICE PELLETS OR ICE ON GROUND AVG SPEE D (MPH ) AVG SPEED (KPH) SKY COVER SUNRISE -SUNSET WEATHER OCCUREN CES PEAK WIND (KPH) degree hours 118.310.616.1-1.92.20.00.00006.310.0860 S 18.7 386.666667 219.412.815.0-3.0-1.73.30.00.090013.822.0860 SE 26.2 360 317.29.412.8-5.2-2.95.60.00.190017.227.5285 SW 33.3 306.666667 420.010.613.3-4.7-2.65.00.00.280012.319.6891W 38.6320 521.112.819.41.40.80.01.10.000011.117.7671,2 W 28.3 466.666667 625.616.720.62.61.40.02.20.00008.112.9660 SW 24.3 493.333333 723.915.219.41.40.80.01.10.07006.310.0880 S 16.7 466.666667 820.612.816.1-1.90.0 0.110013.221.1280 S 27.9 386.666667 922.113.918.90.90.50.00.60.00004.26.7230 SE 10.3 453.333333 1025.012.616.1-1.90.0 0.00008.8814.20860 S 22.7 386.666667 1122.18.915.3-2.7-1.50.0 0.670019.631.3663,5S 32.4367.2 1214.59.410.5-7.5-4.20.0 1.13T023.537.681,3,5 SW 43.8 252 1316.77.212.1-5.9-3.30.0 0.230014.222.7271,2S 29.8290.4 1419.39.315.0-3.0-1.70.0 0.020010.516.881S 24.5360 1516.58.912.8-5.2-2.90.0 T0011.919.0440 SW 23 306.666667 1618.910.713.3-4.7-2.60.0 0.00006.410.2430W 19.2320 1716.89.512.9-5.1-2.80.0 0.00009.515.230S 27.2309.6 1819.410.716.4-1.6-0.90.0 0.000011.117.7620W 26.3393.6 1919.110.915.9-2.1-1.20.02.80.00004.67.3610 SW 17.8 381.6 2022.012.818.40.40.20.05.00.00007.411.8410W 23.1276 On June 20 we multiply the average temperature by 15 hours to get degree-hours for that day

7. Elapsed degree-hours for each day DA Y MAXMINAVGDEPA R- TURE FROM NORM AL HEATIN G COOLIN G TOTA L WATE R EQUI V SNOW- FALL, ICE PELLET S SNOW, ICE PELLETS OR ICE ON GROUND AVG SPEE D (MPH ) AVG SPEED (KPH) SKY COVER SUNRISE -SUNSET WEATHER OCCUREN CES PEAK WIND (KPH) degree hours 118.310.616.1-1.92.20.00.00006.310.0860 S 18.7 386.666667 219.412.815.0-3.0-1.73.30.00.090013.822.0860 SE 26.2 360 317.29.412.8-5.2-2.95.60.00.190017.227.5285 SW 33.3 306.666667 420.010.613.3-4.7-2.65.00.00.280012.319.6891W 38.6320 521.112.819.41.40.80.01.10.000011.117.7671,2 W 28.3 466.666667 625.616.720.62.61.40.02.20.00008.112.9660 SW 24.3 493.333333 723.915.219.41.40.80.01.10.07006.310.0880 S 16.7 466.666667 820.612.816.1-1.90.0 0.110013.221.1280 S 27.9 386.666667 922.113.918.90.90.50.00.60.00004.26.7230 SE 10.3 453.333333 1025.012.616.1-1.90.0 0.00008.8814.20860 S 22.7 386.666667 1122.18.915.3-2.7-1.50.0 0.670019.631.3663,5S 32.4367.2 1214.59.410.5-7.5-4.20.0 1.13T023.537.681,3,5 SW 43.8 252 1316.77.212.1-5.9-3.30.0 0.230014.222.7271,2S 29.8290.4 1419.39.315.0-3.0-1.70.0 0.020010.516.881S 24.5360 1516.58.912.8-5.2-2.90.0 T0011.919.0440 SW 23 306.666667 1618.910.713.3-4.7-2.60.0 0.00006.410.2430W 19.2320 1716.89.512.9-5.1-2.80.0 0.00009.515.230S 27.2309.6 1819.410.716.4-1.6-0.90.0 0.000011.117.7620W 26.3393.6 1919.110.915.9-2.1-1.20.02.80.00004.67.3610 SW 17.8 381.6 2022.012.818.40.40.20.05.00.00007.411.8410W 23.1276 For every other day, we multiply the average temperature by 24 hours to get degree-hours for that day

8. Degree-Hour Determination Knowns Bodies discovered at 1:00PM on June 20 Insects collected at 3:00PM on June 20 Weather type (sunny, partly cloudy, overcast) Weather events (rain, thunderstorms, snow) Daily average temperature Male and Female had the same species and lifecycles present (Migrating 3 rd Instar Species A, 2 nd Instar Species B) Unknowns Elapsed degree-hours for each day Degree-hours for each life stage of both species Cumulative degree-hours for each life stage of both species Cumulative elapsed degree hours for each day Which day the adult insect from both species laid its eggs Earliest and latest time the insects began developing

9. Degree-hours for each life stage: Species A Lab Procedure 2, Step 3: Determine the number of degree-hours required for each life stage of both species. To do this, multiply the number of hours by the degrees Celsius given in the life cycle table. Temp °CEgg1 st Instar 2 nd InstarFeeding 3 rd Instar Migrating 3 rd Instar Pupa 2121 hrs31 hrs26 hrs50 hrs118 hrs240 hrs 21 hrs *21˚C = 441 deg-hrs 31*21 = 651 26*21 = 546 50*21 = 1050 118*21 = 2478 240*21 = 5040

10. Degree-hours for each life stage: Species B Lab Procedure 2, Step 3: Determine the number of degree hours required for each life stage of both species. To do this, multiply the number of hours by the degrees Celsius given in the table. Temp °CEgg1 st Instar 2 nd InstarFeeding 3 rd Instar Migrating 3 rd Instar Pupa 2125 hrs37 hrs31 hrs60 hrs124 hrs286 hrs 25*21 = 525 37*21 = 777 31*21 = 651 60*21 = 1260 124*21 = 2604 286*21 = 6006

11. Degree-Hour Determination Knowns Bodies discovered at 1:00PM on June 20 Insects collected at 3:00PM on June 20 Weather type (sunny, partly cloudy, overcast) Weather events (rain, thunderstorms, snow) Daily average temperature Male and Female had the same species and lifecycles present (Migrating 3 rd Instar Species A, 2 nd Instar Species B) Unknowns Elapsed degree-hours for each day Degree-hours for each life stage of both species Cumulative degree-hours for each life stage of both species Cumulative elapsed degree hours for each day Which day the adult insect from both species laid its eggs Earliest and latest time the insects began developing

12. Cumulative degree-hours for each life stage: Species A Lab Procedure 2, Step 4: By adding all the degree hours for each of the six life stages together, you calculate the cumulative degree hours required for an adult fly to develop at 21°C. Temp °CEgg1 st Instar2 nd InstarFeeding 3 rd Instar Migrating 3 rd Instar Pupa 21 312650118240 Deg Hrs441651546105024785040 Cum. Deg Hrs 441

13. Cumulative degree-hours for each life stage: Species A Lab Procedure 2, Step 4: By adding all the degree hours for each of the six life stages together, you calculate the cumulative degree hours required for an adult fly to develop at 21°C. Temp °CEgg1 st Instar2 nd InstarFeeding 3 rd Instar Migrating 3 rd Instar Pupa 21 312650118240 Deg Hrs441651546105024785040 Cum. Deg Hrs 441651+441 = 1092

14. Cumulative degree-hours for each life stage: Species A Lab Procedure 2, Step 4: By adding all the degree hours for each of the six life stages together, you calculate the cumulative degree hours required for an adult fly to develop at 21°C. Temp °CEgg1 st Instar2 nd InstarFeeding 3 rd Instar Migrating 3 rd Instar Pupa 21 312650118240 Deg Hrs441651546105024785040 Cum. Deg Hrs 441651+441 = 1092 546+1092 = 1638

15. Cumulative degree-hours for each life stage: Species A Lab Procedure 2, Step 4: By adding all the degree hours for each of the six life stages together, you calculate the cumulative degree hours required for an adult fly to develop at 21°C. Temp °CEgg1 st Instar2 nd InstarFeeding 3 rd Instar Migrating 3 rd Instar Pupa 21 312650118240 Deg Hrs441651546105024785040 Cum. Deg Hrs 441651+441 = 1092 546+1092 = 1638 1050+1638 = 2688

16. Cumulative degree-hours for each life stage: Species A Lab Procedure 2, Step 4: By adding all the degree hours for each of the six life stages together, you calculate the cumulative degree hours required for an adult fly to develop at 21°C. Temp °CEgg1 st Instar2 nd InstarFeeding 3 rd Instar Migrating 3 rd Instar Pupa 21 312650118240 Deg Hrs441651546105024785040 Cum. Deg Hrs 441651+441 = 1092 546+1092 = 1638 1050+1638 = 2688 2478+2688 =5166

17. Cumulative degree-hours for each life stage: Species A Lab Procedure 2, Step 4: By adding all the degree hours for each of the six life stages together, you calculate the cumulative degree hours required for an adult fly to develop at 21°C. Temp °CEgg1 st Instar2 nd InstarFeeding 3 rd Instar Migrating 3 rd Instar Pupa 21 312650118240 Deg Hrs441651546105024785040 Cum. Deg Hrs 441651+441 = 1092 546+1092 = 1638 1050+1638 = 2688 2478+2688 =5166 5040+5166 =10206

18. Cumulative degree-hours for each life stage: Species A Lab Procedure 2, Step 4: By adding all the degree hours for each of the six life stages together, you calculate the cumulative degree hours required for an adult fly to develop at 21°C. Temp °CEgg1 st Instar2 nd InstarFeeding 3 rd Instar Migrating 3 rd Instar Pupa 21 312650118240 Deg Hrs441651546105024785040 Cum. Deg Hrs 441651+441 = 1092 546+1092 = 1638 1050+1638 = 2688 2478+2688 =5166 5040+5166 =10206 Adult degree-hours = ∑ degree hours at each stage = cumulative degree hours = 10206

19. Now we will repeat the Cumulative degree- hours calculation for Species B

20. Cumulative degree-hours for each life stage: Species B Lab Procedure 2, Step 4: By adding all the degree hours for each of the six life stages together, you calculate the cumulative degree hours required for an adult fly to develop at 21°C. Temp °CEgg1 st Instar2 nd InstarFeeding 3 rd Instar Migrating 3 rd Instar Pupa 2125373160124286 Deg Hrs525777651126026046006 Cum. Deg Hrs 525777+525 = 1302 651+1302 = 1953 1260+1953 = 3213 2604+3213 = 5817 6006+5817 = 11823 Adult degree-hours = ∑ degree hours at each stage = cumulative degree hours = 11823

21. Degree-Hour Determination Knowns Bodies discovered at 1:00PM on June 20 Insects collected at 3:00PM on June 20 Weather type (sunny, partly cloudy, overcast) Weather events (rain, thunderstorms, snow) Daily average temperature Male and Female had the same species and lifecycles present (Migrating 3 rd Instar Species A, 2 nd Instar Species B) Unknowns Elapsed degree-hours for each day Degree-hours for each life stage of both species Cumulative degree-hours for each life stage of both species Cumulative elapsed degree hours for each day Which day the adult insect from both species laid its eggs Earliest and latest time the insects began developing

22. Cumulative degree-hours for each day Lab Procedure 2, Step 5: Calculate elapsed degree hours for each of the days in the climatological data provided. To do this, add the degree hours for each day to the one before it starting at the 20th of the month. DAYMAXMINAVGDEPAR- TURE FROM NORMA L HEATINGCOOLIN G TOTAL WATE R EQUIV SNOW- FALL, ICE PELLET S SNOW, ICE PELLETS OR ICE ON GROUND AVG SPEE D (MPH) AVG SPEED (KPH) SKY COVER SUNRISE- SUNSET WEATHER OCCURENC ES PEAK WIND (KPH) degree hours cumulative degree hours 118.310.616.1-1.92.20.00.00006.310.0860 S 18.7 386.666667 219.412.815.0-3.0-1.73.30.00.090013.822.0860 SE 26.2 360 317.29.412.8-5.2-2.95.60.00.190017.227.5285 SW 33.3 306.666667 420.010.613.3-4.7-2.65.00.00.280012.319.6891 W 38.6 320 521.112.819.41.40.80.01.10.000011.117.7671,2 W 28.3 466.666667 625.616.720.62.61.40.02.20.00008.112.9660 SW 24.3 493.333333 723.915.219.41.40.80.01.10.07006.310.0880 S 16.7 466.666667 820.612.816.1-1.90.0 0.110013.221.1280 S 27.9 386.666667 922.113.918.90.90.50.00.60.00004.26.7230 SE 10.3 453.333333 1025.012.616.1-1.90.0 0.00008.8814.20860 S 22.7 386.666667 1122.18.915.3-2.7-1.50.0 0.670019.631.3663,5 S 32.4 367.2 1214.59.410.5-7.5-4.20.0 1.13T023.537.681,3,5 SW 43.8 252 1316.77.212.1-5.9-3.30.0 0.230014.222.7271,2 S 29.8 290.4 1419.39.315.0-3.0-1.70.0 0.020010.516.881 S 24.5 360 1516.58.912.8-5.2-2.90.0 T0011.919.0440 SW 23 306.666667 1618.910.713.3-4.7-2.60.0 0.00006.410.2430 W 19.2 320 1716.89.512.9-5.1-2.80.0 0.00009.515.230 S 27.2 309.6 1819.410.716.4-1.6-0.90.0 0.000011.117.7620 W 26.3 393.6 1919.110.915.9-2.1-1.20.02.80.00004.67.3610 SW 17.8 381.6657.6 2022.012.818.40.40.20.05.00.00007.411.8410 W 23.1 276 381.6 + 276 =657.6

23. Cumulative degree-hours for each day Lab Procedure 2, Step 5: Calculate elapsed degree hours for each of the days in the climatological data provided. To do this, add the degree hours for each day to the one before it starting at the 20th of the month. DAYMAXMINAVGDEPAR- TURE FROM NORMA L HEATINGCOOLIN G TOTAL WATE R EQUIV SNOW- FALL, ICE PELLET S SNOW, ICE PELLETS OR ICE ON GROUND AVG SPEE D (MPH) AVG SPEED (KPH) SKY COVER SUNRISE- SUNSET WEATHER OCCURENC ES PEAK WIND (KPH) degree hours cumulative degree hours 118.310.616.1-1.92.20.00.00006.310.0860 S 18.7 386.666667 219.412.815.0-3.0-1.73.30.00.090013.822.0860 SE 26.2 360 317.29.412.8-5.2-2.95.60.00.190017.227.5285 SW 33.3 306.666667 420.010.613.3-4.7-2.65.00.00.280012.319.6891 W 38.6 320 521.112.819.41.40.80.01.10.000011.117.7671,2 W 28.3 466.666667 625.616.720.62.61.40.02.20.00008.112.9660 SW 24.3 493.333333 723.915.219.41.40.80.01.10.07006.310.0880 S 16.7 466.666667 820.612.816.1-1.90.0 0.110013.221.1280 S 27.9 386.666667 922.113.918.90.90.50.00.60.00004.26.7230 SE 10.3 453.333333 1025.012.616.1-1.90.0 0.00008.8814.20860 S 22.7 386.666667 1122.18.915.3-2.7-1.50.0 0.670019.631.3663,5 S 32.4 367.2 1214.59.410.5-7.5-4.20.0 1.13T023.537.681,3,5 SW 43.8 252 1316.77.212.1-5.9-3.30.0 0.230014.222.7271,2 S 29.8 290.4 1419.39.315.0-3.0-1.70.0 0.020010.516.881 S 24.5 360 1516.58.912.8-5.2-2.90.0 T0011.919.0440 SW 23 306.666667 1618.910.713.3-4.7-2.60.0 0.00006.410.2430 W 19.2 320 1716.89.512.9-5.1-2.80.0 0.00009.515.230 S 27.2 309.6 1819.410.716.4-1.6-0.90.0 0.000011.117.7620 W 26.3 393.61051.2 1919.110.915.9-2.1-1.20.02.80.00004.67.3610 SW 17.8 381.6657.6 2022.012.818.40.40.20.05.00.00007.411.8410 W 23.1 276 393.6 + 657.6=1051.2

24. Cumulative degree-hours for each day Lab Procedure 2, Step 5: Calculate elapsed degree hours for each of the days in the climatological data provided. To do this, add the degree hours for each day to the one before it starting at the 20th of the month. DAYMAXMINAVGDEPAR- TURE FROM NORMA L HEATINGCOOLIN G TOTAL WATE R EQUIV SNOW- FALL, ICE PELLET S SNOW, ICE PELLETS OR ICE ON GROUND AVG SPEE D (MPH) AVG SPEED (KPH) SKY COVER SUNRISE- SUNSET WEATHER OCCURENC ES PEAK WIND (KPH) degree hours cumulative degree hours 118.310.616.1-1.92.20.00.00006.310.0860 S 18.7 386.666667 219.412.815.0-3.0-1.73.30.00.090013.822.0860 SE 26.2 360 317.29.412.8-5.2-2.95.60.00.190017.227.5285 SW 33.3 306.666667 420.010.613.3-4.7-2.65.00.00.280012.319.6891 W 38.6 320 521.112.819.41.40.80.01.10.000011.117.7671,2 W 28.3 466.666667 625.616.720.62.61.40.02.20.00008.112.9660 SW 24.3 493.333333 723.915.219.41.40.80.01.10.07006.310.0880 S 16.7 466.666667 820.612.816.1-1.90.0 0.110013.221.1280 S 27.9 386.666667 922.113.918.90.90.50.00.60.00004.26.7230 SE 10.3 453.333333 1025.012.616.1-1.90.0 0.00008.8814.20860 S 22.7 386.666667 1122.18.915.3-2.7-1.50.0 0.670019.631.3663,5 S 32.4 367.2 1214.59.410.5-7.5-4.20.0 1.13T023.537.681,3,5 SW 43.8 252 1316.77.212.1-5.9-3.30.0 0.230014.222.7271,2 S 29.8 290.4 1419.39.315.0-3.0-1.70.0 0.020010.516.881 S 24.5 360 1516.58.912.8-5.2-2.90.0 T0011.919.0440 SW 23 306.666667 1618.910.713.3-4.7-2.60.0 0.00006.410.2430 W 19.2 320 1716.89.512.9-5.1-2.80.0 0.00009.515.230 S 27.2 309.61360.8 1819.410.716.4-1.6-0.90.0 0.000011.117.7620 W 26.3 393.61051.2 1919.110.915.9-2.1-1.20.02.80.00004.67.3610 SW 17.8 381.6657.6 2022.012.818.40.40.20.05.00.00007.411.8410 W 23.1 276 309.6 + 1051.2=1360.8

25. Cumulative degree-hours for each day Lab Procedure 2, Step 5: Calculate elapsed degree hours for each of the days in the climatological data provided. To do this, add the degree hours for each day to the one before it starting at the 20th of the month. DAYMAXMINAVGDEPAR- TURE FROM NORMA L HEATINGCOOLIN G TOTAL WATE R EQUIV SNOW- FALL, ICE PELLET S SNOW, ICE PELLETS OR ICE ON GROUND AVG SPEE D (MPH) AVG SPEED (KPH) SKY COVER SUNRISE- SUNSET WEATHER OCCURENC ES PEAK WIND (KPH) degree hours cumulative degree hours 118.310.616.1-1.92.20.00.00006.310.0860 S 18.7 386.6666677283.73333 219.412.815.0-3.0-1.73.30.00.090013.822.0860 SE 26.2 3606897.06667 317.29.412.8-5.2-2.95.60.00.190017.227.5285 SW 33.3 306.6666676537.06667 420.010.613.3-4.7-2.65.00.00.280012.319.6891 W 38.6 3206230.4 521.112.819.41.40.80.01.10.000011.117.7671,2 W 28.3 466.6666675910.4 625.616.720.62.61.40.02.20.00008.112.9660 SW 24.3 493.3333335443.73333 723.915.219.41.40.80.01.10.07006.310.0880 S 16.7 466.6666674950.4 820.612.816.1-1.90.0 0.110013.221.1280 S 27.9 386.6666674483.73333 922.113.918.90.90.50.00.60.00004.26.7230 SE 10.3 453.3333334097.06667 1025.012.616.1-1.90.0 0.00008.8814.20860 S 22.7 386.6666673643.73333 1122.18.915.3-2.7-1.50.0 0.670019.631.3663,5 S 32.4 367.23257.06667 1214.59.410.5-7.5-4.20.0 1.13T023.537.681,3,5 SW 43.8 2522889.86667 1316.77.212.1-5.9-3.30.0 0.230014.222.7271,2 S 29.8 290.42637.86667 1419.39.315.0-3.0-1.70.0 0.020010.516.881 S 24.5 3602347.46667 1516.58.912.8-5.2-2.90.0 T0011.919.0440 SW 23 306.6666671987.46667 1618.910.713.3-4.7-2.60.0 0.00006.410.2430 W 19.2 3201680.8 1716.89.512.9-5.1-2.80.0 0.00009.515.230 S 27.2 309.61360.8 1819.410.716.4-1.6-0.90.0 0.000011.117.7620 W 26.3 393.61051.2 1919.110.915.9-2.1-1.20.02.80.00004.67.3610 SW 17.8 381.6657.6 2022.012.818.40.40.20.05.00.00007.411.8410 W 23.1 276 From the 20 th at 3:00PM til the 1 st at 12:00AM there were a total of 7283.7 degree-hours

26. Degree-Hour Determination Knowns Bodies discovered at 1:00PM on June 20 Insects collected at 3:00PM on June 20 Weather type (sunny, partly cloudy, overcast) Weather events (rain, thunderstorms, snow) Daily average temperature Male and Female had the same species and lifecycles present (Migrating 3 rd Instar Species A, 2 nd Instar Species B) Unknowns Elapsed degree-hours for each day Degree-hours for each life stage of both species Cumulative degree-hours for each life stage of both species Cumulative elapsed degree hours for each day Which day the adult insect from both species laid its eggs Earliest and latest time the insects began developing

27. Which day the adult insect laid eggs on the body: Species A Lab Procedure 2, Step 6a: Examine the species A life stages collected as evidence and identify the oldest species A life stage collection for the adult male. DAYdegree hours cumulative degree hours 1386.6666677283.73333 23606897.06667 3306.6666676537.06667 43206230.4 5466.6666675910.4 6493.3333335443.73333 7466.6666674950.4 8386.6666674483.73333 9453.3333334097.06667 10386.6666673643.73333 11367.23257.06667 122522889.86667 13290.42637.86667 143602347.46667 15306.6666671987.46667 163201680.8 17309.61360.8 18393.61051.2 19381.6657.6 20276 On Day 11, the cumulative degree-hours were 3257. Species A takes 2688 degree-hours to complete development in the Feeding 3 rd Instar and begin development in the Migration stage of the 3 rd Instar. The temperature data alone suggests that the eggs were laid on the 12 th, but there was a storm then, so we know that the eggs were laid before then since flies are not active during thunderstorms. Feeding 3 rd Instar Migrating 3 rd Instar 50118 10502478 1050+1638 = 2688 2478+1638 = 5166

28. Which day the adult insect laid eggs on the body: Species B Lab Procedure 2, Step 6a: Examine the species A life stages collected as evidence and identify the oldest species B life stage collection for the adult male. DAYdegree hours cumulative degree hours 1386.6666677283.73333 23606897.06667 3306.6666676537.06667 43206230.4 5466.6666675910.4 6493.3333335443.73333 7466.6666674950.4 8386.6666674483.73333 9453.3333334097.06667 10386.6666673643.73333 11367.23257.06667 122522889.86667 13290.42637.86667 143602347.46667 15306.6666671987.46667 163201680.8 17309.61360.8 18393.61051.2 19381.6657.6 20276 On Day 17, the cumulative degree-hours were 1360. Species B takes 1302 degree-hours to complete development in the 1 st Instar and begin development in the 2 nd Instar. 1 st Instar2 nd Instar 3731 777651 777+525 = 1302 651+1302 = 1953

29. Degree-Hour Determination Knowns Bodies discovered at 1:00PM on June 20 Insects collected at 3:00PM on June 20 Weather type (sunny, partly cloudy, overcast) Weather events (rain, thunderstorms, snow) Daily average temperature Male and Female had the same species and lifecycles present (Migrating 3 rd Instar Species A, 2 nd Instar Species B) Unknowns Elapsed degree-hours for each day Degree-hours for each life stage of both species Cumulative degree-hours for each life stage of both species Cumulative elapsed degree hours for each day Which day the adult insect from both species laid its eggs Earliest and latest time the insects began developing

30. Calculating the PMI DA Y degree hours cumulative degree hours 9453.3333334097.06667 10386.6666673643.73333 11367.23257.06667 122522889.86667 13290.42637.86667 143602347.46667 15306.6666671987.46667 163201680.8 17309.61360.8 18393.61051.2 19381.6657.6 20276 Post Mortem Interval = ∑ hours(day) = h(20) + h(19) + h(18) + h(17) … + h(11) = 15 + 24 + 24 + 24 … + 24 = 207 hours = 8 days, 15 hours

31. Conclusion: Bodies have been dead for a minimum of 8 days, 16 hours DA Y degree hours cumulative degree hours 9453.3333334097.06667 10386.6666673643.73333 11367.23257.06667 122522889.86667 13290.42637.86667 143602347.46667 15306.6666671987.46667 163201680.8 17309.61360.8 18393.61051.2 19381.6657.6 20276 THUNDERSTORM The post mortem interval was calculated to be 8 days, 15 hours, but we know that the storm occurred on the evening of the 11 th, so we conjecture that the flies were active at least an hour on the 11 th to give them time to lay the eggs, thus bringing our PMI to a minimum of 8 days, 16 hours. The actual PMI, which is unknown, may vary up to 12 hours more than this calculation due to weather. Students’ calculations may vary by up to a day later. Post Mortem Interval = ∑ hours(day) = h(20) + h(19) + h(18) + h(17) … + h(11) = 15 + 24 + 24 + 24 … + 24 = 207 hours = 8 days, 15 hours

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