1. 1. In Knoxville, Tennessee, there is a research facility, popularly known as 'the Body Farm', where research is conducted into the nature of human decomposition and the factors which affect the rate at which it occurs. Who was responsible for the creation of this facility? A. Ernest T Bass B. Gil Grissom C. Bill Clinton D. William Bass 2. What is studied in forensic palynology? A.Pollens and spores C. Soils B. Dust D. Fossilized micro-organisms 3. If you know what to look for, you can tell a male from a female skull. Which of the following statements is FALSE about a male skull? A. It is usually larger.C. It has a heavier jaw. B. It has a more prominent brow ridge. D. It has a more rounded chin. 4. In October 1974 part of a male torso was found floating in the River Thames in England. Several parts, including the head and hands, were missing so police could not use the usual methods of fingerprints, facial features and dental records to identify the corpse. How was it eventually identified? A. Presence of gallstonesC. Skeletal characteristics on x-rays B. Blood type D. All the choices are correct.

2. 1. In Knoxville, Tennessee, there is a research facility, popularly known as 'the Body Farm', where research is conducted into the nature of human decomposition and the factors which affect the rate at which it occurs. Who was responsible for the creation of this facility? A. Ernest T Bass B. Gil Grissom C. Bill Clinton D. William Bass 2. What is studied in forensic palynology? A.Pollens and spores C. Soils B. Dust D. Fossilized micro-organisms 3. If you know what to look for, you can tell a male from a female skull. Which of the following statements is FALSE about a male skull? A. It is usually larger.C. It has a heavier jaw. B. It has a more prominent brow ridge. D. It has a more rounded chin. 4. In October 1974 part of a male torso was found floating in the River Thames in England. Several parts, including the head and hands, were missing so police could not use the usual methods of fingerprints, facial features and dental records to identify the corpse. How was it eventually identified? A. Presence of gallstonesC. Skeletal characteristics on x-rays B. Blood type D. All the choices are correct. The official name of the body farm is the Tennessee Anthropological Research Facility (TARF) but some of Bass’s colleagues call it the Bass Anthropological Research Facility or BARF. This case made legal history because it was the first time a body was identified without fingerprints or dental records. It belonged to a petty criminal called William Henry Moseley.

3. Objective SWBAT determine the Post Mortem Interval using data analysis.

4. Agenda 1.Entomology Lab 2.Data Analysis 3.Exit Slip

5. Forensic Entomology Lab Complete Examination of Taxa Skip Separation of Taxa – there will be species A and B samples at the front if you need to compare them Once you have completed the above get your sample from the front to complete the Analysis of Evidence section We will review the Data Analysis section together Answer Post Lab Questions when finished

6. Entomology Kit Climate Data Analysis Tutorial Crosscutting Concepts Updated 5/6/14

7. Degree-Hour Determination Knowns Bodies discovered at 1:00PM on June 20 Insects collected at 3:00PM on June 20 Weather type (sunny, partly cloudy, overcast) Weather events (rain, thunderstorms, snow) Daily average temperature Male and Female had the same species and lifecycles present (Migrating 3 rd Instar Species A, 2 nd Instar Species B) Unknowns Elapsed degree-hours for each day Degree-hours for each life stage of both species Cumulative degree-hours for each life stage of both species Cumulative elapsed degree hours for each day Which day the adult insect from both species laid its eggs Earliest and latest time the insects began developing

8. Elapsed degree-hours for each day The collection time was 3:00PM on June 20, this tells us to multiply the first average temperature by 15 hours instead of 24 Every other daily average temperature in the month will be multiplied by 24 Lab Procedure 2, Step 2: Determine the number of degree hours for each day using the weather service data. To do this, multiply the average temperature times 24 hours for each day. This can be performed in a spreadsheet.

9. Elapsed degree-hours for each day DAYMAXMINAVGDEPAR- TURE FROM NORMA L HEATINGCOOLIN G TOTAL WATE R EQUIV SNOW- FALL, ICE PELLETS SNOW, ICE PELLETS OR ICE ON GROUND AVG SPEE D (MPH) AVG SPEED (KPH) SKY COVER SUNRISE- SUNSET WEATHER OCCURENC ES PEAK WIND (KPH) degree hours 118.310.616.1-1.92.20.00.00006.310.0860 S 18.7 386.666667 219.412.815.0-3.0-1.73.30.00.090013.822.0860 SE 26.2 360 317.29.412.8-5.2-2.95.60.00.190017.227.5285 SW 33.3 306.666667 420.010.613.3-4.7-2.65.00.00.280012.319.6891 W 38.6 320 521.112.819.41.40.80.01.10.000011.117.7671,2 W 28.3 466.666667 625.616.720.62.61.40.02.20.00008.112.9660 SW 24.3 493.333333 723.915.219.41.40.80.01.10.07006.310.0880 S 16.7 466.666667 820.612.816.1-1.90.0 0.110013.221.1280 S 27.9 386.666667 922.113.918.90.90.50.00.60.00004.26.7230 SE 10.3 453.333333 1025.012.616.1-1.90.0 0.00008.8814.20860 S 22.7 386.666667 1122.18.915.3-2.7-1.50.0 0.670019.631.3663,5 S 32.4 367.2 1214.59.410.5-7.5-4.20.0 1.13T023.537.681,3,5 SW 43.8 252 1316.77.212.1-5.9-3.30.0 0.230014.222.7271,2 S 29.8 290.4 1419.39.315.0-3.0-1.70.0 0.020010.516.881 S 24.5 360 1516.58.912.8-5.2-2.90.0 T0011.919.0440 SW 23 306.666667 1618.910.713.3-4.7-2.60.0 0.00006.410.2430 W 19.2 320 1716.89.512.9-5.1-2.80.0 0.00009.515.230 S 27.2 309.6 1819.410.716.4-1.6-0.90.0 0.000011.117.7620 W 26.3 393.6 1919.110.915.9-2.1-1.20.02.80.00004.67.3610 SW 17.8 381.6 2022.012.818.40.40.20.05.00.00007.411.8410 W 23.1 276

10. Degree-hours for each life stage: Species A Lab Procedure 2, Step 3: Determine the number of degree hours required for each life stage of both species. To do this, multiply the number of hours by the degrees Celsius given in the table. Temp °CEgg1 st Instar 2 nd InstarFeeding 3 rd Instar Migrating 3 rd Instar Pupa 21 312650118240 21*21 = 441 31*21 = 651 26*21 = 546 50*21 = 1050 118*21 = 2478 240*21 = 5040

11. Degree-hours for each life stage: Species B Lab Procedure 2, Step 3: Determine the number of degree hours required for each life stage of both species. To do this, multiply the number of hours by the degrees Celsius given in the table. Temp °CEgg1 st Instar 2 nd InstarFeeding 3 rd Instar Migrating 3 rd Instar Pupa 2125373160124286 25*21 = 525 37*21 = 777 31*21 = 651 60*21 = 1260 124*21 = 2604 286*21 = 6006

12. Cumulative degree-hours for each life stage: Species A Lab Procedure 2, Step 4: By adding all the degree hours for each of the six life stages together, you calculate the cumulative degree hours required for an adult fly to develop at 21°C. Temp °CEgg1 st Instar2 nd InstarFeeding 3 rd Instar Migrating 3 rd Instar Pupa 21 312650118240 Deg Hrs441651546105024785040 Cum. Deg Hrs 441651+441 = 1092 546+1092 = 1638 1050+1638 = 2688 2478+1638 = 5166 5040+5166 = 10206 Adult degree-hours = ∑ degree hours at each stage = cumulative degree hours = 10206

13. Cumulative degree-hours for each life stage: Species B Lab Procedure 2, Step 4: By adding all the degree hours for each of the six life stages together, you calculate the cumulative degree hours required for an adult fly to develop at 21°C. Temp °CEgg1 st Instar2 nd InstarFeeding 3 rd Instar Migrating 3 rd Instar Pupa 2125373160124286 Deg Hrs525777651126026046006 Cum. Deg Hrs 525777+525 = 1302 651+1302 = 1953 1260+1953 = 3213 2604+3213 = 5817 6006+5817 = 11823 Adult degree-hours = ∑ degree hours at each stage = cumulative degree hours = 11823

14. Cumulative degree-hours for each day Lab Procedure 2, Step 5: Calculate elapsed degree hours for each of the days in the climatological data provided. To do this, multiply the number of hours by the average temperature that day. DAYMAXMINAVGDEPAR- TURE FROM NORMA L HEATINGCOOLIN G TOTAL WATE R EQUIV SNOW- FALL, ICE PELLET S SNOW, ICE PELLETS OR ICE ON GROUND AVG SPEE D (MPH) AVG SPEED (KPH) SKY COVER SUNRISE- SUNSET WEATHER OCCURENC ES PEAK WIND (KPH) degree hours cumulative degree hours 118.310.616.1-1.92.20.00.00006.310.0860 S 18.7 386.6666677283.73333 219.412.815.0-3.0-1.73.30.00.090013.822.0860 SE 26.2 3606897.06667 317.29.412.8-5.2-2.95.60.00.190017.227.5285 SW 33.3 306.6666676537.06667 420.010.613.3-4.7-2.65.00.00.280012.319.6891 W 38.6 3206230.4 521.112.819.41.40.80.01.10.000011.117.7671,2 W 28.3 466.6666675910.4 625.616.720.62.61.40.02.20.00008.112.9660 SW 24.3 493.3333335443.73333 723.915.219.41.40.80.01.10.07006.310.0880 S 16.7 466.6666674950.4 820.612.816.1-1.90.0 0.110013.221.1280 S 27.9 386.6666674483.73333 922.113.918.90.90.50.00.60.00004.26.7230 SE 10.3 453.3333334097.06667 1025.012.616.1-1.90.0 0.00008.8814.20860 S 22.7 386.6666673643.73333 1122.18.915.3-2.7-1.50.0 0.670019.631.3663,5 S 32.4 367.23257.06667 1214.59.410.5-7.5-4.20.0 1.13T023.537.681,3,5 SW 43.8 2522889.86667 1316.77.212.1-5.9-3.30.0 0.230014.222.7271,2 S 29.8 290.42637.86667 1419.39.315.0-3.0-1.70.0 0.020010.516.881 S 24.5 3602347.46667 1516.58.912.8-5.2-2.90.0 T0011.919.0440 SW 23 306.6666671987.46667 1618.910.713.3-4.7-2.60.0 0.00006.410.2430 W 19.2 3201680.8 1716.89.512.9-5.1-2.80.0 0.00009.515.230 S 27.2 309.61360.8 1819.410.716.4-1.6-0.90.0 0.000011.117.7620 W 26.3 393.61051.2 1919.110.915.9-2.1-1.20.02.80.00004.67.3610 SW 17.8 381.6657.6 2022.012.818.40.40.20.05.00.00007.411.8410 W 23.1 276

15. Which day the adult insect laid eggs on the body: Species A Lab Procedure 2, Step 6a: Examine the species A life stages collected as evidence and identify the oldest species A life stage collection for the adult male. DAYdegree hours cumulative degree hours 1386.6666677283.73333 23606897.06667 3306.6666676537.06667 43206230.4 5466.6666675910.4 6493.3333335443.73333 7466.6666674950.4 8386.6666674483.73333 9453.3333334097.06667 10386.6666673643.73333 11367.23257.06667 122522889.86667 13290.42637.86667 143602347.46667 15306.6666671987.46667 163201680.8 17309.61360.8 18393.61051.2 19381.6657.6 20276 On Day 11, the cumulative degree-hours were 3257. Species A takes 2688 degree-hours to complete development in the Feeding 3 rd Instar and begin development in the Migration stage of the 3 rd Instar. The temperature data alone suggests that the eggs were laid on the 12 th, but there was a storm then, so we know that the eggs were laid before then since flies are not active during thunderstorms. Feeding 3 rd Instar Migrating 3 rd Instar 50118 10502478 1050+1638 = 2688 2478+1638 = 5166

16. Which day the adult insect laid eggs on the body: Species B Lab Procedure 2, Step 6a: Examine the species A life stages collected as evidence and identify the oldest species B life stage collection for the adult male. DAYdegree hours cumulative degree hours 1386.6666677283.73333 23606897.06667 3306.6666676537.06667 43206230.4 5466.6666675910.4 6493.3333335443.73333 7466.6666674950.4 8386.6666674483.73333 9453.3333334097.06667 10386.6666673643.73333 11367.23257.06667 122522889.86667 13290.42637.86667 143602347.46667 15306.6666671987.46667 163201680.8 17309.61360.8 18393.61051.2 19381.6657.6 20276 On Day 17, the cumulative degree-hours were 1360. Species B takes 1302 degree-hours to complete development in the 1 st Instar and begin development in the 2 nd Instar. 1 st Instar2 nd Instar 3731 777651 777+525 = 1302 651+1302 = 1953

17. Conclusion: Bodies have been dead for a minimum of 8 days, 16 hours DAYdegree hourscumulative degree hours 9453.3333334097.06667 10386.6666673643.73333 11367.23257.06667 122522889.86667 13290.42637.86667 143602347.46667 15306.6666671987.46667 163201680.8 17309.61360.8 18393.61051.2 19381.6657.6 20276 THUNDERSTORM Post Mortem Interval = ∑ hours(day) = h(20) + h(19) + h(18) … h(10) = 207 hours = 8 days, 15 hours The post mortem interval was calculated to be 8 days, 15 hours, but we know that the storm occurred on the evening of the 11 th, so we conjecture that at the flies were active at least an hour on the 11th, thus bringing our PMI to a minimum of 8 days, 16 hours. The actual PMI, which is unknown, may vary up to 12 hours more than this calculation due to weather. Students’ calculations may vary by up to a day later.

18. Homework Read Chapter 10, pages 356 – 367 and work on review questions #1-14 (they are due on Monday)

19. Exit Slip September 18, 2014 Go to m.socrative.com or the socrative app. Room # is 417101 QUESTION: What did you find difficult with this lab (besides getting the species out of the vials)?