1. 0 - Introduction 1/21 Benefits of Managing Solid Waste Non-sanitary landfills: Risk assessment & risk mitigation

2. 0 - Introduction Indonesia, country of natural wealth !! 2/21

3. 0 - Introduction Indonesia, country of natural wealth ?? 3/21

4. 0 - Introduction PRESENT SITUATION OF LANDFILLS IN INDONESIA Landfilling is major route for processing of wastesLandfilling is major route for processing of wastes Alternative solutions, including incineration, composting or separate collection with recycling are hardly appliedAlternative solutions, including incineration, composting or separate collection with recycling are hardly applied These alternatives are costly, are not suitable or require big change in waste management system)These alternatives are costly, are not suitable or require big change in waste management system) Collection rate of waste is 50-60% (so, much waste is dispersed into environment)Collection rate of waste is 50-60% (so, much waste is dispersed into environment) 4/21

5. 0 - Introduction WHAT IS THE (REAL) COST OF LANDFILLING ? 1. Landfills causes sliding of wastes (in 2006 many people died because of this problem) 5/21

6. 0 - Introduction WHAT IS THE (REAL) COST OF LANDFILLING ? 2. Landfills creates unhealthy situation for men (gases, smoke, hurting, diseases) 6/21

7. 0 - Introduction WHAT IS THE (REAL) COST OF LANDFILLING ? 3. Biogas from landfills creates risk for explosions (fires, explosion of wastes, etc.). Biogas must be released into atmosphere 7/21

8. 0 - Introduction WHAT IS THE (REAL) COST OF LANDFILLING ? 4. Leachate water is hazardous and pollutes the environment (as result from rain water infiltrating the landfill). 8/21

9. 0 - Introduction WHAT IS THE (REAL) COST OF LANDFILLING ? 5. Health risk for workers on or near landfill (diseases, medical cost) 9/21

10. 0 - Introduction WHAT IS THE (REAL) COST OF LANDFILLING ? 6. Global Warming (sea water rising, hurricanes, drought, diseases etc.) 10/21

11. 0 - Introduction WHAT TO DO ? 11/21

12. 0 - Introduction STRATEGY, PLANS, MEASURES 1.National waste strategy: should support short term and long term solutions. Should promote sustainable solutions. 2.Appropriate plans: should be realistic from technical and financial point of view. Should focus on modernizing the landfills. 3.Measures: immediate measures should mitigate the immediate risks. Should focus on major risk: collection and utilization of the biogas 12/21

13. 0 - Introduction IMPORTANT IMMEDIATE MEASURE Collection of biogas: -mitigates the risks for humans -improves waste management operations (and increases income) -promotes production of sustainable energy & local energy generation -promotes transfer of technology to regions of Indonesia -generates income from electricity 13/21

14. 0 - Introduction BIOGAS Biogas (containing methane or CH 4 ) is a valuable source of energy but cannot be utilized without measures and investments: -1 st phase: structuring of waste disposal -2 nd phase: placing of biogas collection system (including covering of waste) -3 rd phase: production of electricity 14/21

15. 0 - Introduction BIOGAS 15/21

16. Biogas investment programme for regions of Indonesia - Example of Palu 16/21

17. 0 - Introduction Palu landfill was visited, investigated and assessed. 17/21

18. 0 - Introduction Palu landfill was visited, investigated and assessed. 18/21

19. 0 - Introduction Some observations on Palu landfill: 1.some technical improvement measures were taken (covering) 2.part of landfill was not well organized 3.neighbouring people are afraid of extension of landfill (leachate) 4.capacity of landfill to receive waste is still large (> 2012); more waste means more income 5.registration of incoming waste should be improved 6.biogas is not collected and spilled into atmosphere 7.Regency and waste managers support improvement programme 19/21

20. 0 - Introduction Recommendations on waste management and biogas collection: 1.Be realistic and do not everything at once 2.“First things first” 3.Improve overall situation at landfill and make proper plan 4.Start recovering biogas ! 5.Generate jobs, acquire technological know-how, create better life for all 6.Promote biogas collection projects under CDM 20/21

21. 0 - Introduction L eft: uncontrolled dumping of waste; right: organized disposal of waste and covering of landfill body 21/21