1. UNIT 1 “ARE WE THERE YET” – MAP SKILLS 101

2. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ► I will be able to understand the difference between absolute and relative location. ► I will be able to locate on a map specific lines of longitude and latitude (i.e., Prime Meridian, International Date Line, Equator, North and South Poles, Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, and Arctic and Antarctic Circles)

3. LATITUDE ► Lines that run east-west ► Called parallels because they are always parallel to each other ► Measure distance north and south of the equator ► Parallels north of the equator are labeled with an “N” for north (range 0°-90°N) ► Parallels south of the equator are labeled with an “S” for south (range 0°-90°S)

4. LATITUDE ► Major circles  Arctic Circle (24 hour sunlight/darkness)  Tropic of Cancer (Summer)  Equator  Tropic of Capricorn (Winter)  Antarctic Circle (24 hour sunlight/darkness)

5. LONGITUDE ► Lines that run north-south ► Called meridians ► All meridians meet at the north and south poles ► They measure distance east and west of the prime meridian (0°) and the 180° meridian in the Pacific Ocean ► Meridians west of the prime meridian to 180° are labeled with a W ► Meridians east of the primer meridian to 180° are labeled with an E

6. LONGITUDE ► Major meridians:  Prime meridian  International Date Line  180° meridian

7. MEASURING WITH DEGREES ► Latitude measures distance from the equator ► Symbol is ° ► Degrees are divided into minutes. The symbol for minutes is ´ ► There are 60 minutes in a degree ► Ex. 45°N 3’

8. HEMISPHERES ► The Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere are separated by the line of latitude called the EQUATOR ► The Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere are separated by the lines of longitude called the PRIME MERIDIAN AND THE 180° MERIDIAN

9. HEMISPHERES

10. HEMISPHERES

11. HEMISPHERES

12. HEMISPHERES

13. LOCATION ► Absolute – a specific description of a location  Example: 655 Colice-Jeanne Rd, Nashville, TN ► Relative – a general description of a location  Example: Canada is north of the United States ► http://www.confluence.org/region.php?id=52 http://www.confluence.org/region.php?id=52

14. 1. Geography – the study of the world, its people and the landscapes they create 2. cartographer – a map maker 3. absolute location – a specific description of a place 4. relative location – a general description of a place 5. place – describes the features that make a site unique 6. human-environment interaction – focuses on how people and their physical environment affect each other

15. 1. movement – focuses on how and why people and things move 2. region – areas that share common characteristics 3. map key – a small description of the symbols used 4. scale (large vs. small) - The relationship between the actual size of a place and its size as shown on a map 5. compass rose – a symbol on a map to indicate direction 6. global grid – A coordinate system, with the origin at 0° latitude and 0° longitude 6. global grid – A coordinate system, with the origin at 0° latitude and 0° longitude

16. 1. latitude – lines that run east to west and measure distance north and south of the equator 2. longitude – lines that run north to south and measure distance east and west of the Prime Meridian and the 180° meridian 3. Prime Meridian – the line of longitude that separates the East and West hemispheres 4. International Date Line – line of longitude in the Pacific Ocean where the date is changed exactly one day as it is crossed 5. hemisphere – half of the earth (east/west and north/south) 6. contour lines – a line connecting equal points of elevation

17. Airline routes between San Francisco and Tokyo following the most direct great circle (top), but following the jet stream (bottom) when heading eastwards

18. ► map projection - a projection of the globe onto a flat map using a grid of lines of latitude and longitude ► distortion - a change in shape, size, or position of a place when it's shown on a map. ► distortion - a change in shape, size, or position of a place when it's shown on a map. ► time zone - a region of the earth that has uniform standard time ► GIS/GPS - geographical information system, is any system that captures, stores, analyzes, manages, and presents data that are linked to location--Global Positioning System: a navigational system involving satellites and computers that can determine the latitude and longitude of a receiver on Earth ► GIS/GPS - geographical information system, is any system that captures, stores, analyzes, manages, and presents data that are linked to location--Global Positioning System: a navigational system involving satellites and computers that can determine the latitude and longitude of a receiver on Earth