1. New Voices and New Ideas

2. Out With the Old… People had tried both the Liberals and the Conservatives with little change in their situation People had tried both the Liberals and the Conservatives with little change in their situation This led to the development of new provincial and regional parties This led to the development of new provincial and regional parties These included These included Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) Social Credit Party (Socreds) Social Credit Party (Socreds) Union Nationale Union Nationale

3. The CCF The CCF formed in Regina in 1933 under the leadership of J.S. Woodsworth The CCF formed in Regina in 1933 under the leadership of J.S. Woodsworth It drew its support mostly from drought stricken Saskatchewan It drew its support mostly from drought stricken Saskatchewan The Party’s guiding principles were outlined in the Regina Manifesto The Party’s guiding principles were outlined in the Regina Manifesto The name inspired a “Red Scare” but the CCF was committed to democratic socialism The name inspired a “Red Scare” but the CCF was committed to democratic socialism Socialism without a violent overthrow of the existing powers Socialism without a violent overthrow of the existing powers

4. The CCF It also received support from labour unions and workers It also received support from labour unions and workers They became recognized as the representative of the working man They became recognized as the representative of the working man The CCF platform included The CCF platform included increased social spending increased social spending Publicly controlled financial intuitions Publicly controlled financial intuitions Centralized economic planning Centralized economic planning Uniform public health services Uniform public health services

5. The CCF The goal of the CCF was to stimulate the economy through social spending The goal of the CCF was to stimulate the economy through social spending The CCF was the first party to practice reform liberalism The CCF was the first party to practice reform liberalism Reform Liberalism Reform Liberalism Allows state intervention Allows state intervention Creates an environment that enhanced opportunities for individuals Creates an environment that enhanced opportunities for individuals Removed “intolerable” inequities in society Removed “intolerable” inequities in society Did not trust in the market place Did not trust in the market place

6. The CCF The CCF enjoyed its most success provincially The CCF enjoyed its most success provincially The CCF was a major factor in Ontario, Manitoba, and British Columbia The CCF was a major factor in Ontario, Manitoba, and British Columbia In Saskatchewan the CCF was elected to a majority government under Tommy Douglas In Saskatchewan the CCF was elected to a majority government under Tommy Douglas Douglas introduced a revolutionary health plan in Saskatchewan in 1946 that provided health care to everyone regardless of economic status Douglas introduced a revolutionary health plan in Saskatchewan in 1946 that provided health care to everyone regardless of economic status

7. The CCF In 1961 the CCF abandoned some of the more radical beliefs of the party and changed their name to the New Democratic Party of Canada In 1961 the CCF abandoned some of the more radical beliefs of the party and changed their name to the New Democratic Party of Canada Although the CCF/NDP has never been elected federally, it has been dubbed “the conscience of the House of Commons” Although the CCF/NDP has never been elected federally, it has been dubbed “the conscience of the House of Commons” Many CCF/NDP policies are now parts of the Liberal and Conservative Party platforms Many CCF/NDP policies are now parts of the Liberal and Conservative Party platforms

8. Social Credit The Alberta Social Credit movement was formed in order to combat the socialist tendencies of the CCF The Alberta Social Credit movement was formed in order to combat the socialist tendencies of the CCF The first Socred government was formed in Alberta under “Bible” Bill Aberhart The first Socred government was formed in Alberta under “Bible” Bill Aberhart Instead of taking control of the economy the Socreds planned to stimulate a market economy Instead of taking control of the economy the Socreds planned to stimulate a market economy They did this by paying a cash dividend ($25)to every citizen of the province each month They did this by paying a cash dividend ($25)to every citizen of the province each month

9. Social Credit The Socreds held power in Alberta until 1971 under Aberhart, Manning (Preston’s father), and Strom The Socreds held power in Alberta until 1971 under Aberhart, Manning (Preston’s father), and Strom The Social Credit party’s system was effective but most of their platform was considered unconstitutional The Social Credit party’s system was effective but most of their platform was considered unconstitutional

10. Union Nationale Another regional party emerged in Quebec under Maurice Duplessis Another regional party emerged in Quebec under Maurice Duplessis Duplessis blamed “aliens” for the problems in Quebec Duplessis blamed “aliens” for the problems in Quebec By alien he meant the English minority By alien he meant the English minority

11. Union Nationale Duplessis ran Quebec like a dictator and remained in power from 1936-1959 with a break from 1939-1944 Duplessis ran Quebec like a dictator and remained in power from 1936-1959 with a break from 1939-1944 Duplessis hated unions and used force against strikers Duplessis hated unions and used force against strikers He used the power of the government to hinder his political rivals He used the power of the government to hinder his political rivals

12. Union Nationale The Padlock Law (1937) made it possible for the Provincial Attorney-General to padlock the premise of any “subversive” organization The Padlock Law (1937) made it possible for the Provincial Attorney-General to padlock the premise of any “subversive” organization “subversive” was liberally interpreted by Duplessis “subversive” was liberally interpreted by Duplessis Duplessis encouraged Quebec nationalism and set himself up as the defender of French rights in a hostile country Duplessis encouraged Quebec nationalism and set himself up as the defender of French rights in a hostile country

13. Union Nationale Duplessis did manage to increase American investment in Quebec despite his anti-English views Duplessis did manage to increase American investment in Quebec despite his anti-English views

14. Overview The Depression led to a switch from classic liberalism to reform liberalism The Depression led to a switch from classic liberalism to reform liberalism Regional parties emerged in provincial politics Regional parties emerged in provincial politics New ideas helped to combat the depression New ideas helped to combat the depression The national identity forged by Macdonald, Laurier, and Borden began to break down The national identity forged by Macdonald, Laurier, and Borden began to break down