1. Title page

2. “ Possible Geocape Capabilities Measurements of Diurnal Variability with Requirements of hours to days……………. “

3. Prezelin 1972 Diel Periodicity of Photosynthesis Variability

4. Prezelin 1972

5. Objectives Demonstrate experimental results of Diurnally bio-optical characteristics, Show cloud cover probability maps of different light intensities (PAR) in the GEOCAPE target area,  Pigment ratios which are affected by nutrients (e.g. eutrophication/pollution) can affect chlorophyll a fluorescence,  Demonstrate how chlorophyll a and FLH correlates in the GEOCAP target area (example: harmful algal bloom).

6. Chesapeake Light Tower ** Diurnal Cycle for One Year at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay

7. LEO Probability of one clear pixel on a given day GEO Probability of at least on clear pixel per day The probability of obtaining a complete time series over one single day of observing with a GEO satellite is about what is Is for obtaining a pixel on a given day for a LEO satellite. John R. Moisan

8. Comparison of GEO PAR and LEO PAR Products

9. Leo and Geo Derived PAR Products John R. Moisan

10. Time Series along the COBY Transect In the Mid Atlantic Bight (Moisan et al. 2010)

11. Conducted Diurnal Experiments Incubations begin at ~6 a.m. and sample for 12 hours every two hours Every hour around noon Measurements include Fluorescence Variable fluorescence Estimate non-photochem. quenching Chl-specific absorption HPLC pigments Temperature Light Cell counts Taxonomic composition POC/PON Diurnal Experiments of Phytoplankton Physiology

13. Xanthophyll Cycling of Diatoxanthin and Diadinoxanthin: Changes in Chlorophyll a Fluorescence

14. Diel Periodicity varies with Different PFTs

15. (a) ERGB (b) Chl(c) FLH A B MODIS/Aqua images on 21 January 2005 Most of the band-ratio “Chl” is a false interpretation of CDOM and suspended sediments, but FLH is a more accurate indicator of biomass. In this case, the high FLH patch off Tampa Bay is a confirmed Karenia brevis bloom. Courtesy of Dr, Chuanmin Hu

16. Questions and Conclusions  The temporal resolution of Geocape will support new physiological observations on unprecedented spatial scales “linking short-time processes to remotely- sensed scales such as mixing, productivity (biophysical constraints), uptake etc.”  Defining diurnal responses with Geocape requirements will be a next challenge in understanding probabilities of cloud-free skies  The temporal resolution will most likely lead to a more detailed development of satellite products as we merge spatial and temporal scales.  The temporal resolution of Geocape will support new physiological observations on unprecedented spatial scales “linking short-time processes to remotely- sensed scales such as mixing, productivity (biophysical constraints), uptake etc.”  Defining diurnal responses with Geocape requirements will be a next challenge in understanding probabilities of cloud-free skies  The temporal resolution will most likely lead to a more detailed development of satellite products as we merge spatial and temporal scales.

18. Observations of Diurnal Variability will increase the accuracy of estimates of Phytoplankton Physiology -Including relative more low light observations will increase carbon estimates significantly; -Inclusion of a diurnal signal will increase the accuracy of primary productivity, possible drawdown of pollution, and give status estimates of health (photoinhibition and pollution by eutrophication); and, -Diurnal signals of productivity can vary seasonally with temperature, nutrients (eutrophication) and light (PAR, spectrally).

20. ATBD, Letelier et al.