1. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. CHAPTER 22 Order Blattodea (Including Former Isoptera): Cockroaches and Termites

2. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. The tropical roach Phoraspis convexa (Blaberidae) is active during the day on leaves in Amazonian forests where these insects feed on detritus, especially bird droppings. Their bright colors and full exposure to predators may indicate that they are inedible.

3. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 22.1 Blattidae, Periplaneta americana: adult female and ootheca.

4. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 22.3 Taxonomic characters of Blattodea: a, anterior leg, Blattellidae (Blattella); b–e, ventral aspects of external genitalia; b, Blattellidae, male (Blattella); c, Blatellidae, female; d, Blattidae, male (Periplaneta); e, Blattidae, female.

5. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 22.3 Taxonomic characters of Blattodea: a, anterior leg, Blattellidae (Blattella); b–e, ventral aspects of external genitalia; b, Blattellidae, male (Blattella); c, Blatellidae, female; d, Blattidae, male (Periplaneta); e, Blattidae, female.

6. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 22.4 Workers of the fungus-growing termite, Macrotermes sp. (Termitidae), foraging on leaf mulch in Tanzania.

7. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

8. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 22.5 Adult female termite, Hodotermitidae (Zootermopsis nevadensis).

9. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 22.6 Variation in body form of termites: a, worker, Rhinotermitidae (Prorhinotermes simplex); b, soldier, Rhinotermitidae (Prorhinotermes simplex); c, soldier, Termitidae (Nasutitermes costaricensis).

10. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 22.7 Development of the termitarium of Macrotermes bellicosus (Termitidae) of Africa; a, initial chamber excavated by founding couple; b, c, intermediate stages of development; d, structure of mature nest.