1. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. CHAPTER 5 Maintenance and Movement

2. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Transparent larva of a skipper butterfly (Hesperiidae) hidden in a leaf fold.

3. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 5.1 Diagram of routes of nutrients and wastes in an insect.

4. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

5. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 5.2 Alimentary canal: a, general structure; b, mouth and foregut.

6. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 5.3 Alimentary canal and dorsal vessel of the roach Periplaneta americana (Blattidae):

7. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 5.4 Tracheal system

8. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 5.5 Examples of plastrons

9. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 5.6 Examples of aquatic respiration.

10. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 5.7 Circulatory system and hemocytes: a, diagrammatic longitudinal section of general structure and direction of circulation; b, cross section of abdomen; c, prohemocyte; d, plasmatocyte; e, granulocyte.

11. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 5.8 Excretory systems:

12. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 5.9 Types of muscles: a, larval, b, tubular, c, fibrillar.

13. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 5.10 Skeleton and muscles of the hind leg of a grasshopper. Numbers 1–8 are muscles described in the text; ar, articulation of femur and tibia.

14. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 5.11 Diagram of walking movements of the beetle Eleodes dentipes (Tenebrionidae).

15. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 5.12 Flight mechanism

16. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Box Figure 5.2. Aerodynamic mechanisms of insect flight.

17. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 5.13 Seasonal variations in the average glycerol concentration in hemolymph of the Arctic carabid, Pterostichus brevicomis, and high–low ambient temperatures near Fairbanks, Alaska.