1. The Bourbon Triumvirate Three men who ruled the state consecutively for over thirty years Wanted to blend the new and old by keeping southern traditions but industrializing Believed in lower taxes and the convict lease system

2. Tom Watson A Populist Party politician Looked to poor white and black farmers for political support Supported 8 hour workday, graduated income tax, Australian ballot and government ownership of railroads Most famous for his Rural Free Delivery bill

3. Rebecca Latimer Felton Social and political reformer Supported temperance, women’s suffrage, and educational reforms Worked to abolish (end) the convict lease system First woman to serve in the U.S. Senate

4. Hoke Smith Leader of Georgia’s Progressive movement Ended the convict lease system Georgia State Constitutional Amendment for the grand- father clause to disenfranchise African-Americans

5. Henry Grady Economic and social reformer Coined the phrase “New South” Encouraged northern investment in the South Increased circulation of the Atlanta Constitution Organizer of International Cotton Exposition Helped to establish Georgia Tech

6. Alonzo Herndon Entrepreneur Founded Atlanta Mutual Insurance Company Used company to help other African-Americans start their own businesses Helped save jobs of African-Americans

7. John Hope First black president of Atlanta Baptist College which later became Morehouse College Worked to bring bachelor programs to Atlanta Baptist College and eliminate the vocational / industrial curriculum

8. Lugenia Burns Hope Social reformer Formed the Neighborhood Union which worked to improve African- American communities with improved sanitation, better schools, health and dental clinics

9. W.E.B. DuBois The “Talented Tenth” strategy for race relations Need to educate the best of the African-American race to be the leaders for civil rights movement as part of Talented Tenth Wanted full political rights immediately, not just social and economic rights

10. Booker T. Washington Atlanta Compromise Speech which proposed economic equality and no need to force political and social equality The accommodation strategy for African Americans Vocational education essential for African- Americans seeking equality Founder of the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama

11. Leo Frank Jewish man who supervises the National Pencil Company Accused, convicted, and sentenced to life for the murder of Mary Phagan Taken from jail and lynched Case led to the re- development of the KKK on top of Stone Mountain – the Knights of Mary Phagan

12. Homer Plessy 1/8 African-American Challenged the Jim Crow laws which set up separate but equal facilities in the South by boarding a train car for whites only Plessy v. Ferguson case in Supreme Court Lost case which promoted legal segregation