1. University of Michigan Challenge X Team
Series Hydraulic Hybrid Overview
Ricardo Detroit Technology Campus, 08/24/06

2. The ChallengeX Competition
Challenge X is a 3 year student team competition sponsored by GM, ANL and the DOE along with a host of other sponsors.
17 schools from USA and Canada
The aim of the competition is to convert a stock Chevy Equinox into a hybrid to improve fuel economy and reduce emissions, while meeting or exceeding the stock vehicle performance characteristics

3. Team Overview
Joint effort between the Ann Arbor and Dearborn campuses.
Approximately 8 Core Team Members
Faculty Leads
Prof. Dionissios Assanis
Chair of the Mechanical Engineering Department, Ann Arbor
Dr.Bruno Vanzieleghem
Technical Program Manager, Automotive Research Center
Prof. Keshav Varde
Associate Dean of the Mechanical Engineering Department, Dearborn
Student Leads
Pavan Potluri (Mechanical)
Steve Scott (E.E and Controls)
Prasad Venkiteswaran (Vehicle Integration)

4. Series Hydraulic Hybrid: Motivation
Potential benefits:
Full flexibility in controlling the engine
High-power density of hydraulic components, dash-speed
Hydraulics very efficient in regeneration (>70%*)
Energy storage efficiency is independent of the temperature
Allows downsizing of the engine

5. Engine Efficiency Considerations4
3.5 3
2.5 2
1.5
In Series hydraulic hybrid model, when the engine power is calculated by power scheme, the speed and torque are determined simultaneously along the minimum bsfc line in the engine map.
However, in conventional the engine work at the worse bsfc point at the same power. Also, the power needed for SSH is lower than conventional for the same driving cycle, engine downsizing is possible. It’s because the store energy can be used in addition to engine power during high acceleration.

6. Engine Efficiency Considerations4
3.5 3
2.5 2
1.5
PI Control Series Hydraulic I4 Diesel Engine – FTP Cycle

7. Fuel Economy Benefit
Simulation Results
FTP 75 Cycle

8. Emissions Benefit Series Hydraulic Hybrid HMMWV Results
Engine-in-the-loop test results
Source: 12th Automotive Research Center Conference, May 23rd, 2006

9. Hydraulic Hybrid – Unique Aspects
Existing technology, used in a novel way
Cost efficient, with existing manufacturing base
No conventional transmission system
AWD system using one hydraulic pump/motor in the front axle and a second hydraulic motor in the rear axle
Ability to run the larger front pump/motor and the smaller rear motor independently or together
Drive cycle estimation logic in the powertrain control algorithm
Hydraulic engine starter to reduce the power draw from the battery

10. Vehicle Design Schematic
Series hydraulic hybrid 1.9L GM Diesel Engine
80 cc/rev Front engine pump
55 cc/rev Front drive motor
80 cc/rev Rear drive motor
300 psi 12 gallon accumulator
5000 psi 12 gallon accumulator
Blue: High Pressure
Green: Low Pressure
Red: Pump/Motor

11. Intended Vehicle Operational Modes
Propulsion (FWD only) – Regular driving, highway cruising
Propulsion (AWD) – For Maximized acceleration, slippery/ low traction conditions
Regenerative Braking – Using front drive motor to recharge the accumulators
Engine Off – Hydraulic power only, when accumulator’s SOC is above a set level (0.4 – 0.55)
Make a flow chart instead of the bullet points ????

12. Control Strategy Thermostatic Control PI Control
SOC maintained over fixed region (0.4 – 0.55)
Deviation is compensated by moving the Engine to desired location
Results in larger engine transients
PI Control
SOC maintained at fixed value (0.25)
Engine Power demand is calculated based on actual and target SOC
Anticipates changes in SOC and results in smoother engine operation

13. Role of Computer Based Modeling
Component Packaging:
Powertrain packaging was done using the supplied CAD data
Vehicle modeling and simulation:
Equinox hydraulic hybrid model developed based on an existing ARC model
Vehicle performance with various component sizing simulated using this model

14. Role of Computer Based Modeling
slope
driving cycle
VEHICLE DYNAMICS
Monitoring
Pump
Power Management
Driver
Load Input Data
DRIVELINE
DIESEL ENGINE
Accmulator/Reserver
AWD HYDRAULIC PM
1.9L GM TDCi Engine
Simplified Transmission
Additional components
AWD vehicle model

15. VTS – Final Vs. Current

16. Conclusions Hydraulic hybrid promises excellent fuel economy benefits
Hydraulic hybrid reduces soot emissions
CAD & full-vehicle modeling aided significantly in the design and build process
Further work needed on powertrain and controls integration

17. Sponsorship Benefits
Participation in a highly-visible, national engineering competition
Collaboration opportunities with team and competition sponsors (Sponsor social)
Collaboration opportunities with University of Michigan departments and faculty
Access to team vehicle for publicity purposes by Ricardo
Potential recruiting opportunities
Team member recruitment, highly qualified graduates with real-world experience

18. CX Sponsorship Guidelines
Competition-Level Sponsor Classification
Sponsorship
Contribution
Minimum Cash Support
In-Kind Credit
Headline Sponsor
$1 Million +
$900,000
Up to $100,000
Platinum Sponsor
$50,000
$40,000
Up to $10,000
Gold Sponsor
$35,000
$30,000
Up to $5,000
Silver Sponsor
$15,000
$10,000
Bronze Sponsor
$3,000
$3,000 (cash or in-kind)
N/A

19. University of Michigan Challenge X Team
Sponsor Socials
University of Michigan Challenge X Team
Altair Sponsorship Request – January 31st 2006

20. CX Official Sponsors Headline Sponsors Silver Sponsors
U.S. Department of Energy
General Motors Corporation
Platinum Sponsors
Natural Resources Canada
The MathWorks
National Instruments
AVL North America, Inc.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
U.S. Department of Transportation
Gold Sponsors
National Science Foundation
Freescale Semiconductor BP
Silver Sponsors
Cobasys
Chevron
Johnson Controls-SAFT Advanced Power Solutions
Ballard Power Systems, Inc.
Michelin North America
Sensors, Inc.
dSPACE, Inc.
Renewable Fuels Assocation

21. Current Vehicle Pictures
GM 1.9L Diesel
Installed Front Engine Pump

22. Current Vehicle Pictures
GM 1.9L Diesel Engine

23. Current Vehicle Pictures
Rear Drive Motor

24. Current Vehicle Pictures
12 Gallon Accumulators

25. Questions?