1. The Hybrid Car: A look at the future of cars
By:
Kenneth Barnett

2. What makes a Hybrid?
A hybrid is anything that uses two or mores sources directly or indirectly to provide propulsion
Examples of hybrid vehicles being used:
Gasoline-pedal:
Moped
Diesel-electric:
Locomotives
Buses
Submarines (can also be nuclear-electric)
Gasoline-electric:
Passenger Vehicles

3. Parallel Hybrid
Has a fuel tank that supplies gas to the engine like a regular car
It also has a set of batteries that run an electric motor
Both the engine and electric motor can turn the transmission at the same time.

4. Series Hybrid
The fuel tank goes to the engine, but the engine turns a generator
Then the generator can either charge the batteries or power an electric motor that drives the transmission
The gasoline engine does not directly power the car

5. Components of a Hybrid Gasoline engine Fuel Tank
Much like our engines but smaller and is made with advanced technologies to reduce emissions and increase efficiency
Fuel Tank
Energy storing device for the gasoline engine
Gas has a much larger density than the batteries
Example: 1,000 pounds of batteries store as much energy as 1 gallon (7 pounds) of gas

6. Continuing Components
Electric Motor
Advance electronics allow it to act as either an motor or a generator
Example: When needed it can take power from the batteries to accelerate the car. Or as the car slows down it acts as a generator and returns that energy to the batteries
Generator
Similar to an electric motor, just it acts only to produce electrical power
Mainly in series hybrids

7. Continuing Components
Batteries
Energy storage device for the electric motor
Transmission
Transmission on a hybrid performs the same as a transmission on our cars
How a transmission works is that it takes power from the engine or motor and sends to the driveshaft which turns your axle to move your car

8. Hybrid Performance
The key for the hybrid car is its ability to use a smaller engine
A conventional engine is sized for peak power requirement, when a study shows that most drivers reach this less than 1% of our driving time
The hybrid engine is sized for running at the average power not the peak. But when it does reach that point that it needs help up a hill or to pass someone, it draws extra power from the batteries and the electric motor to get the job done.

9. Hybrid Efficiency Recovers energy and stores it into the battery
Regenerative braking
Sometimes it will shut the engine off
Reduces aerodynamic drag
Low rolling resistance tires
Stiffer and inflated more
1/2 the drag on the road
Lightweight Materials
Carbon fiber
Metals
Aluminum
Magnesium

10. Hybrid Maintenance Warranties Brake pads Batteries
The average warranty for a hybrid now is around either 8 yr/ 100,000 mile or even 10 year/ 150,000 mile
Brake pads
Regenerative braking
Batteries
$6800 for new Toyota and Honda hybrid
But batteries tested to go for 180,000 miles and some

11. Available and Coming Soon

12. More cars