1. CFC Phaseout Implications for Commercial Cooling Presented by Marie Broadwell US Environmental Protection Agency, Region IX (415) 744-1174 broadwell.marie@epa.gov

2. Alphabet Soup CFCsChlorofluorocarbons HCFCsHydrochlorofluorocarbons HFCsHydrofluorocarbons Release of these refrigerants to the atmosphere causes - Ozone depletion - Global warming

3. CFC-12Automotive Air Conditioning Residential Refrigeration Commercial Refrigeration Centrifugal Chillers Common Refrigerant Applications CFC-11Centrifugal Chillers (low pressure) HCFC-22Unitary A/C & Heat Pumps (Residential & Commercial) Screw Compressors Centrifugal Chillers (high pressure) HFC-134aCentrifugal Chillers Reciprocating Chillers Automotive A/C Residential & Commercial Refrigeration

4. EPA Recycling Regulations Purge losses OK, venting isn’t Refrigeration technician certification Recovery and recycling required Refrigerant record keeping Safe disposal requirements Enforcement underway VENTING

5. EPA Stratospheric Ozone Hotline & Web Site http://www.epa.gov/ozone Hotline: 1-800-296-1996

6. What is the CFC Phaseout? U.S. response to stratospheric ozone depletion 1990 Clean Air Act CFC & HCFC production phaseouts Mandatory refrigerant recycling Significant New Alternatives Program (SNAP)

7. CFC Phaseout Schedule CFC production halted January 1, 1996

8. HCFC Phaseout Schedule Year2003201020202030 HCFC-141b HCFC-22 (new equipment) HCFC-22 (existing equipment) HCFC-123 (new equipment) HCFC-123 (existing equipment)

9. What about HFCs? HFCs Are Ozone-Safe HFCs Contribute to Global Warming No HFC Phaseout Scheduled

10. How Does the CFC Phaseout Affect Me? No more CFC production CFC shortages are here Many CFC chillers still not converted Large amounts of money at stake

11. Conventional Wisdom: Concentrate only on refrigeration systems Designate a facility refrigerant manager Conduct inventory of equipment and refrigerants Develop a refrigerant management plan

12. Designate a Refrigerant Manager Responsibility Knowledge Authority Resources Support

13. Prepare an Inventory List chillers & refrigeration equipment, age, refrigerant type, condition Monitor the amount of refrigerants bought & used Evaluate leakage rates

14. Develop an Action Plan Define responsibilities of key personnel Develop a CFC policy Decide what to do with each piece of equipment –contain, retrofit or replace?

15. Containment of CFC’s You may have CFCs in stock Conserve CFC’s –regular equipment maintenance –leak repair –install high-efficiency purge units Immediate strategy for all equipment CFCs

16. Conversion of Equipment Substitute refrigerants CFC-12HFC-134a CFC-11HCFC-123 HCFC-22HCFC-407c Not “drop-in” substitutes Modification to equipment & operation usually required Refer to SNAP list for acceptability

17. Replacement of Equipment Appropriate for equipment near end of its life Gives wide choice of refrigerants & technologies Don’t just design a new chiller, design a new chiller plant –Chillers make up 60% of connected load –Cooling towers, fans, & pumps make up 40% of load Cooling end-use: 15% Chiller end-use: 9% (% of electrical energy)

18. Beyond Conventional Wisdom: The CFC Phaseout Is an Opportunity To better understand your entire building system and current chiller stock –Energy audit –Quantify your cooling energy use To reduce cooling loads in your building To “right-size” your equipment

19. The Big Opportunity: Integrated Chiller Retrofit Carefully consider the interaction of all building systems - it makes “Cool $ense”

20. Voluntary Government Programs DOE Rebuild America www.eren.doe.gov/buildings/rebuild 1-800-DOE-EREC EPA Energy Star Buildings www.epa.gov/appdstar/buildings 1-888-STAR-YES community-based program building owner-based program