1. Monday, September 12th
Bell Work: Identify the “building blocks” in the structures below. C A B

2. Macromolecules

3. Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic.
This is different from organic foods in the grocery store.
Compounds that do not contain CARBON are called inorganic.

4. Organic Compounds
Macromolecules are large organic molecules.
Bio-molecules are the macromolecules of life

5. Carbon (C) Carbon has 4 outer electrons
Carbon can form covalent bonds with as many as 4 other atoms (elements).
Usually with C, H, O or N.
Example: CH4(methane)

6. Macromolecules Large organic molecules.
Video!
Large organic molecules.
Also called POLYMERS. (poly = many)
Made up of smaller “building blocks” called MONOMERS. (mono = one)
4 Major Macromolecules/Bio-molecules:
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

7. Carbohydrates

8. Carbohydrates Small sugar molecules to large sugar molecules.
Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.
Building Block:
monosaccharide
Types of Carbs
A. monosaccharide
B. disaccharide
C. polysaccharide

9. Carbohydrates Monosaccharide: one sugar unit aka: simple sugars
Examples: glucose (C6H12O6)
deoxyribose
ribose
Fructose
Galactose
glucose

10. Carbohydrates Disaccharide: two sugar units Examples:
Sucrose (glucose + fructose)
Lactose (glucose + galactose)
Maltose (glucose + glucose)
glucose

11. Carbohydrates Polysaccharide: many sugar units
Examples: starch (bread, potatoes)
glycogen (beef muscle)
cellulose (lettuce, corn)
glucose
cellulose

12. Functions of Carbohydrates
Broken down as a source of energy
Part of cell structure

13. Carbohydrates
Starches: serves as plant energy storage (think potatoes)
Glucose monomers joined together, branched
Glycogen: serves as animal energy storage
Glucose monomers joined together, straight
Cellulose: structural component in plants
Cannot be broken down by humans

14. Carbohydrates
Video!

15. Tuesday, September 13th Bell Work: The term “organic” refers to
Compounds that form multiple bonds
Compounds that are healthy and contain no preservatives
Compounds that contain carbon
Compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon
The four classes of macromolecules are made up of building blocks called
Polymers
Monomers
Carbon bases
Carbohydrates

16. Tuesday, September 13th
Carbohydrates are made up of __________, ____________, and ____________ in a __:__:__ ratio.
Provide an example of a monosaccharide and a polysaccharide.

17. Review from Monday
Be ready to answer a question from Monday’s worksheet about carbohydrates!

18. Vocabulary Lipid Organic Fatty acid Inorganic Glycerol Building block
Glyceride
Protein
Amino acid
Dipeptide
Polypeptide
Nucleic acid
Nucleotide
Organic
Inorganic
Building block
Monomer
Polymer
Carbohydrate
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide

19. Lipids

20. DO NOT EAT THE LAB SAMPLES!
Lipid Lab
Brown Paper Bag Lab
You and a partner will move around the room to collect samples.
For each food item you will smear a sample on your brown paper bag.
Leave your bag on the back counter once you have finished collecting samples.
DO NOT EAT THE LAB SAMPLES!

21. LIPIDS BUILDING BLOCK: FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL ELEMENTS:
C H O (NO RATIO but there will be more C’s and H’s)

22. FATTY ACID AND GLYCEROLH
H-C----O
glycerol
fatty acid O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 =

23. Lipids
General term for compounds which are not soluble in water. (non-polar)
LIPIDS ARE SOLUBLE IN NONPOLAR SUBSTANCES----DO NOT DISSOLVE IN POLAR SUBSTANCES (ex: OIL/WATER)
Lipids are soluble in hydrophobic solvents. (phobic=fear, hydro=water)

24. Examples of LIPIDS
1. Fats
2. Phospholipids
3. Oils
4. Waxes Steroid/ Hormones Triglycerides

25. Lipids Triglycerides: composed of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids. =H
H-C----O
glycerol O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 =
fatty acids
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH
=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

26. Lipids Six functions of lipids: 1. Long term energy storage
2. Protection against heat loss (insulation)
3. Protection against water loss
4. Chemical messengers (hormones)
5. Major component of membranes (phospholipids)

27. Fatty Acids
Video!
There are two kinds of fatty acids (carbon chains) you may see on food labels:
1. Saturated fatty acids: no double bonds (bad)
2. Unsaturated fatty acids: double bonds (good)
Solid fats! O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 =
saturated O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH
=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 =
unsaturated
Liquid oils!

28. Lipid Lab Check your smears and record what each sample looks like.
Record your data on the bottom of the lipid worksheet.

29. Wednesday, September 14th: Bell work
Which of the following compounds represents an organic molecule?
C6H8O3
SO4
H2PO4
CuOH
What type of bonds hold carbon atoms to other atoms in regards to organic compounds?
Ionic
Hydrogen
Covalent
Peptide
What elements make up carbohydrates and lipids?

30. Wednesday, September 14th: Bell Work
The building blocks for lipids are ______________ & _______________.
Monosaccharides, Disaccharides
Fatty Acids, Glycerol
Monomers, Polymers
Saturated Fats, Unsaturated Fats
Lipids are _________ molecules that are not soluble in water.
Nonpolar
Polar
Ionic
Covalent
List 2 functions of lipids.

31. Wednesday, September 14th
Lipid Review (worksheet)
Protein Notes
Protein Lab Demo
Protein Worksheet
Quiz!
Reminders!
Thursday is LAST day for test re-takes!
Macromolecule test next THURSDAY!!
Collect scantrons from 1st test
1st block: Smart Cards

32. Proteins

33. Proteins (Polypeptides)
Basic building block= Amino Acid
There are 20 amino acids (your body makes 12 amino acids)
Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur

34. Proteins (Polypeptides)
Amino Acids
Made of carbon bonded to a carboxyl group (-), an amine group (+), a hydrogen, and an R-group.
Variation between amino acids comes from different R-groups.
Amino Acids are linked together by peptide bonds.

35. Amine Group
Carboxyl Group

36. Proteins (Polypeptides)
Six functions and examples of proteins:
1. Storage: albumin (egg white)
2. Transport: hemoglobin (blood)
3. Regulatory: hormones
4. Movement: muscles
5. Structural: membranes, hair, nails
6. Enzymes: cellular reactions

37. Protein: Primary Structure
Amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds (straight chains)
aa1
aa2
aa3
aa4
aa5
aa6
Peptide Bonds
Amino Acids (aa)

38. Protein: Secondary Structure
3-dimensional folding arrangement of a primary structure into coils and pleats held together by hydrogen bonds.
Two examples:
Alpha Helix
Beta Pleated Sheet
Hydrogen Bonds

39. Protein: Tertiary Structure
Secondary structures bent and folded into a more complex 3-D arrangement of linked polypeptides
Bonds: H-bonds, ionic, covalent
Alpha Helix
Beta Pleated Sheet

40. Protein: Quaternary Structure
Composed of 2 or more “subunits”
Example: enzymes
subunits

41. Thursday, September 15th Bell Work: Complete the following table.
Macromolecule
Elements
Building Block
Monosaccharide
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur
Lipid

42. Thursday, September 15th Protein Review Nucleic Acid Notes
Nucleic Acid Worksheet
turn in completed packet: 5 pages!
McMush Lab Introduction
If you have any zeros (0) you may NOT participate in the lab on Friday. This includes the macromolecule poster.

43. Nucleic Acids

44. Nucleic Acids
Building Block: Nucleotides
ELEMENTS: C H O N P

45. Nucleic acids Nucleotides include: phosphate group sugar
DNA: deoxyribose
RNA: ribose
nitrogenous bases

46. Nucleotide O O=P-O N CH2 O C1 C4 C3 C2 Phosphate Group
Nitrogenous base
CH2 O C1 C4 C3 C2 5
Sugar
(deoxyribose)

47. Nucleic acids Two types: a. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA- double helix)
**stores genetic information**
b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA-single strand)
**builds proteins**

48. DNA - double helix P O 1 2 3 4 5 P O 1 2 3 4 5 G C T A