1. S UPPLYING NATO FORCES IN A FGHANISTAN Arjun Chandrasekaran Praveesh Govindan Ashwin Sukumar Janet Yeh Ning Zhong ISYE6203 HW5 Question #2 Group 4 Dr. Marc Goetschalckx 10/28/2010

2. O VERVIEW Introduction Location characteristics Supply network Advantages/disadvantages

3. L OCATION : TERRAIN Hindu Kush Sub range of Himalayas Sparse population Khyber Pass ridgelines Safed Koh mountain range Used for infiltration Movement of supplies Limited use of helicopters Landlocked

4. L OCATION : W EATHER /P OLITICAL ISSUES Weather Combat season: March-October Snow in mountain passes prevent combat activity Flooding, mudslides from spring thaw Political relations Frequent attacks on NATO convoys US-Pakistan tension and retaliation 9/30/2010 U.S. air attack

5. R OUTES THROUGH P AKISTAN PAKGLOC 80% of cargo to Afghanistan shipped through Pakistan 20% through Chaman route, 80% through Torkham Route Remaining supplies through Central Asia/by air Cargo ships docked in Karachi port Truck transport to Chaman, Torkham points 850 miles, frequent stops

6. T ORKHAM R OUTE Begins in Peshawar, Pakistan Through Hindu Kush in Spin Boldak Khyber Pass Ends in Jalalabad, Afghanistan Final destination: Bagram air base, Kabul Largest U.S. air base in Afghanistan

7. C HAMAN R OUTE Begins through Balochistan in Chaman Final destination: Kandahar air base

8. N ORTHERN D ISTRIBUTION N ETWORK NDN Northern Route From Baltic Sea to Riga, Latvia Loaded on rail through Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan Truck transport into Afghanistan NDN Southern Route From Black Sea to Tbilisi, Georgia Loaded on rail through Armenia, Azerbaijan Loaded on ships across Caspian Sea to Kazakhstan Loaded on rail to Uzbekistan Truck transport to Afghanistan

9. N ORTHERN D ISTRIBUTION N ETWORK (2)

10. A DVANTAGES PAKGLOC No rail networks required Most convenient method to reach Afghanistan NDN Reduced dependency/freight volume on PAKGLOC Potential establishment of “Modern Silk Road”

11. D ISADVANTAGES PAKGLOC Frequent attacks on convoys Route bans (specifically Torkham route) Increased U.S.-Pakistan tensions NDN Potential increase in Russian demands Necessary relationship with Uzbekistan More transportation coordination required

12. U PDATED F REIGHT D ISTRIBUTION 50% PAKGLOC 30% NDN 20% Air Fuel 40% PAKGLOC 60% NDN

13. T HANK YOU

14. R EFERENCES "Afghanistan, Pakistan: Battlespace of the Border." Stratfor Global Intelligence. 14 Oct. 2010. Web. 23 Oct. 2010.. Georgy, Michael. "NATO's Supply Network in Pakistan Hit by Supply, Closure." Reuters. 7 Oct. 2010. Web. 23 Oct. 2010.. "Logisticians Face Challenges in Afghanistan Surge." Defense Talk. Army News, 10 May 2010. Web. 23 Oct. 2010.. McGirk, Tim. "Taliban Stepping up Attacks on NATO Supply Convoys." Time Magazine. 7 Oct. 2010. Web. 23 Oct. 2010.. Tynan, Dierdre. "U.S. Military Chief Announces New Supply Network for Afghanistan." Eurasianet. 19 Jan. 2009. Web. 23 Oct. 2010..