1. Karina Adhitia 105030200121015

2. 8 Environmental Elements SuppliersCustomersLabor Unions Financial Community OwnersCompetitorsGovernment Global Community The Firm in Its Environment supply the material, machines, services, and information that used by the firm to produce the products and services place that the firm marketed their services and products the organizations of both skilled and unskilled workers consist of institutions that influence the money resources that are available to the firm those who invest money in the firm and represent the highest level of management include all of the organization that compete with the firm in its market place on the national, state or provincial, and local levels, provide constraints in the form of laws and regulation is the geographic area where the firm performs its operations

3. PersonnelMaterial MachinesMoney Information Resources Flows

4. Common flowsInformation flows from customersMaterial flows to customersMoney flow to stockholders/ownerMachine flow from suppliersPersonnel flow from labor union

5. Margin is the value of the firm’s products and services, as perceived by the firm’s customers, less the costs Firm create value by performing activities, which Porter calls value activities, that fall into two major categories: Primary Value Activities Support Value Activities Those associated with producing and offering greater value to their customers than do their competitors Provide the inputs and infrastructure that allow the primary activities to take place

6. A firm’s information resources therefore consist of: Computer hardware Computer software Information specialist Users Facilities The database Information

7. The CIO perform: Spent time with the business and in business training Build partnership Focus on improving basic business processes Explain Information Services (IS) costs in business terms Build credibility by delivering reliable IS services Be non-defensive The Chief Information Officer

8. Strategic Planning is long-range planning, since it identifies that are intended to give the firm the most favorable position in its environment and specifies the strategies for achieving those objectives Enterprise Consist of some committee The committee schedules an annual planning session The output is strategic business plan Business Area Plans detail how those areas will support the enterprise Have one approach that does not ensure that the area will work together as synchronized subsystems Information Resources Strategy Set Transformation The Strategic Planning Information resources (SPIR) approach

9. End-user computing is define as a tool designed for the purpose of extracting information and performing data manipulation prior to the transfer of and/or downstream of result to a book of record system. (i.e. financial report)

10. Menu Levels EU Command Level EU End User Programmer Functional Support Personnel EU are unable to create their own software, but they can communicate with prewritten software EU can use such computer languages as HTML, Visual Basic EU can use the command language of the software to perform arithmetic and logical operations on the data These functional support personnel are information specialist in every sense of the word, but they owe their allegiance to their particular user area

11. EUC Benefits Matches capability and challengesReduce communications Gap

12. Poorly aimed systems Poorly designed and documented systems Inefficient use of information resources Loss of data integrity Loss of security Loss of control

13. Information Resources Management (IRM) is an activity that is pursued by managers on all levels of the firm for the purpose of identifying, acquiring, and managing the information resources needed to satisfy information needs

14. Users Users engaging in End-Users ComputingOther Users Information resources Central Computing resourceDisburse computing resource Business Areas Information services, Finance, Human Resources, Manufacturing, Marketing The Firm’s Executive CIOOther Executive The Environmental of the firm