1. English accents 15. Australian

2. southern hemisphere English South AfricaAustraliaNew Zealand settlement from England in the early 19th century: phonologically like RP, but phonetically different

3. Australian English geographically homogeneous rural vs. urban social/stylistic variation

4. social/stylistic bi:@ bI: beer BROAD rural GENERAL urban bI@ CULTIVATED

5. mixing bowl southeastern English with the RP brakes off

6. levellingreduction or removal of marked variants simplificationreduction of irregularity mixingof otherwise distinct varieties koinéization in 'colonial' English (Trudgill) koiné 1 the common language of the Greeks from the close of the classical period to the Byzantine era. 2 a common language shared by various peoples; a lingua franca. [Greek koine (dialektos) 'common (language)']

7. strong vowels systemically = RP etc weak vowels no distinction between I and @ [I] before velars [@] elsewhere the happY vowel is like /i:/

8. rabbit ["r{b@t] abbot ["{b@t] valid ["v{l@d] salad ["s{l@d] offices, officers ["Qf@s@z] tended, tendered ["tend@d]

10. Collins & Mees, 2003, Practical Phonetics and Phonology