1. English dialect typology Melchers and Shaw p.16: Trudgill and Hannah 1982: ‘English-based’: England, Wales, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa ‘American-based’: USA and Canada ‘Scottish-based’: Scotland and N. Ireland ‘Irish-based’: Ireland 3 2 4 1

2. 1 2 3 4

3. Melchers and Shaw p.17: Wells - typology Ireland England & S.H. AmericaScotland

4. Wells p. 181 Wells - typology

5. The four part-systems (RP) Lax vowels Tense vowels

6. 1

7. Provincial southern Irish English; also Jamaica and Barbados Wells - typology RP (Wells 182) Type I: Most conservative. No centring diphthongs; vowels from B-system used before r. Vowel-length is important.

8. 2

9. Type II Augmented D-system because of R- Dropping. Vowel length. (Wells 182) Most accents of England and Wales including RP; Southern Hemisphere accents (118) Wells - typology RP

10. 3

11. North America: GenAm and Canada Wells - typology RP Type III. No centring diphthongs: vowels from A-stem before r. Vowel-length unimportant; LOT belongs to D. (Wells 182)

12. 4

13. Wells p. 182: Scotland and N.Ireland Wells - typology RP Type IV. Different system of vowel-length. TRAP and LOT are in D, FOOT is in C. No R-Dropping; no centring diphthongs

14. 1 2 3 4

15. I. Ireland II. England and S. Hem III. N. America IV Scotland

16. I. Ireland II. England and S. Hem III. N. America IV Scotland