1. Metabolic Pathways Chapter 26

2. Metabolic Pathways – Ch. 26 1. List three reasons why the hydrolysis of ATP into ADP and phosphate is so thermodynamically favorable:

3. Metabolic Pathways – Ch. 26 2. Why is the rate of nucleophilic attack on ATP (ex hydrolysis) significantly faster in an enzyme?

4. Metabolic Pathways – Ch. 26 3. An enzyme that catalyzes phosphorylation is called a _______________. Compare and contrast the 3 possible mechanisms for phosphorylation of a fatty acid in order to attach it to coenzyme A.

5. Metabolic Pathways – Ch. 26 4. List and describe the four stages of catabolism:

6. Metabolic Pathways – Ch. 26

7. 5. For every one molecule of glucose that undergoes glycolysis__________ molecules of pyruvate, __________ ATP molecules and ____________ NADH.

9. Metabolic Pathways – Ch. 26 6. What causes lactic acid build up?

10. Metabolic Pathways – Ch. 26 7. Before pyruvate can enter the citric acid cycle it must be converted to _________________ by 3 enzymes and the 5 coenzymes ___________, ______________,_____________,_____________ and _______________ in the pyruvate dehydrogenase system

11. Metabolic Pathways – Ch. 26 8. In the first step of catabolism; fats are hydrolyzed into ____________ and ______________. Catabolism of 1 molecule of palmitic acid (fatty acid with 16 carbons) produces ___________ acetyl CoA molecules______________ FADH 2 molecules and ___________ NADH molecules.

12. Metabolic Pathways – Ch. 26

13. 9. The overall reaction for the citric acid cycle is ______________________________________ which produces ______________ molecules of ATP________________molecules of NADH and _________________molecules of FADH 2 for every molecule of acetyl CoA.

15. Metabolic Pathways – Ch. 26 10. Stage 4 of catabolism is _________________________ in which 1 molecule of NADH produces ___________ molecules of ATP and 1 molecule of FADH 2 produces ____________ molecules of ATP. Therefore for each molecule of acetyl CoA that enters the citric acid cycle ____________ molecules of ATP are produced. For every 1 molecule of glucose that is catabolized ___________ molecules of ATP are produced. For every 1 molecule of palmitic acid that is catabolized_______ molecules of ATP are produced.

16. Metabolic Pathways – Ch. 26 11. What is the majority type of reactions in the anabolic pathways?