1. What Makes a Civilization? Means of subsistence (example: farming) Government (laws, decision makers, etc.) Written language/records Job Specialization Social Classes (upper-class, middle- class, lower-class) Economics (trading, bartering, monetary exchanges) Education/Technology Religion

2. The FRAME Key Topic is about... Details Main Idea Mesopotamian Civ: Tigris and Euphrates Egypt: Nile India: Indus and Ganges China: Huang He Details Main Idea Hereditary rulers: people are born into royalty - Dynasties of kings and pharaohs Rigid class system -Determined at birth Details Main Idea Written law codes: 10 Commandments, Hammurabi’s Code Centralized Government: Based on Religious authority First states (city- states, kingdoms, empires) Details Main Idea Metal tools and weapons Agricultural surplus: better tools, irrigation, slavery Trade along rives and seas Development of first cities Cradles of Civilization Where were the earliest civilizations located and what characteristics do they all share Early Civilizations 3500- 500 B.CE Social Patterns Political Patterns Economic Patterns 1)Where were the earliest civilizations located? 2)Why did early civilizations form around river valleys?

3. Geography of India Indus River Ganges Mohenjo-Daro Harappa Hindu Kush Mtns. Himalaya Mtns.

4. The FRAME Routine Key Topic Main idea is about… Essential details Main idea Essential details Indian Civilization Why people settled in India? Who were these people? How did they live? Beginning of Indian Civilization Began in the Indus Valley Spread to the Ganges River Spread without interruption b/c of location Major cities: Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro Aryan Migration Migrated to India and dominated Created the Caste System The Caste System told people who they could interact with and what occupations they could do Mauryan Empire Greatest Ruler= Emperor Asoka Unified the people of India Spread Buddhism Created: free hospitals, veterinary clinics, and roads Gupta Empire Golden Age of Indian Culture Contributions include: math (concept of zero), medical advances (setting bones), astronomy (concept of a round earth), new textiles, and literature 1)The two major cities of Indian Civilization include __________________ and __________________. 2)The Aryans are best remembered in India for- 3)The Mauryan Empire is was responsible for _______________ the people of India, under emperor ___________. 4)Under the Gupta Empire, India reached a period of time known as the-

5. The FRAME Routine Key Topic is about… B eliefs - Belief in many forms of one god  Not really monotheistic or polytheistic - Karma: thoughts and actions result in future consequences  “What goes around. Comes around” - Reincarnation: rebirth is based upon karma Hinduism 1)Vedas 2)Upanishad s Along major trade routes How Hinduism influenced Indian society

6. The FRAME Routine Key Topic is about… Buddhism The beliefs of Buddhism and how it spread -Founded in India by Siddhartha Gautama (500-400 B.C.E) - Also known as the Buddha -Four Noble Truths: 1) Life is suffering 2) Suffering is caused by desire 3) End suffering; end desire 4) To end desire follow the Eightfold Path Asoka’s missionaries and their writings spread Buddhism from India to China