1. Enzymes
Protein Catalysts

2. Not used up in the reaction Help chemical reactions occur
Enzymes Are Catalysts
Not used up in the reaction
Help chemical reactions occur

3. In Chemical Equations Sucrose Maltose
Sucrose + Amylase  Maltose + Amylase
Amylase
We prefer the top one

4. Enzymes are Proteins
Bonds with substrates (reactants) in active site

5. Enzymes Are Specific
Have complementary structures allowing them to bond with only certain substrates

6. Realistic Diagram
Bonding to substrate changes the structure of the protein and it folds, in this case over the substrate

7. Enzymes Help Break Bonds

8. All Chemical Reactions Involve Breaking Bonds in Reactants
Allows new bonds to form instead

9. The Penny-Picker Enzyme
Function of Penny-Picker:
Pick up pennies and flip them over
The pennies represent a toxic byproduct of cellular processes that must be converted to a safer form
Active site:
Specific to ONE substrate. What’s the substrate?
Pennies
Only holds ONE penny at a time

10. Data Table On your whiteboard make the following table: After 10s
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4
Trial 5

11. Procedure - Trial 1: Baseline
Spread out pennies on table HEADS side up
Without looking (enzymes don’t have eyes!) grab pennies and flip them over, putting them in the corner of your table
One person flips pennies for FOUR 10-second intervals without looking; one person times and counts
Record data on your whiteboard.
DO NOT REPLACE THE PENNIES BETWEEN TIME INTERVALS

12. Procedure - Trial 2: Denaturation
Spread out all pennies on table HEADS side up
Repeat procedure for flipping pennies in four 10- second intervals
THIS TIME:
Hand used to flip pennies gets taped around all four fingers (partial denaturation)
Record data on white board
Come up with a definition of denaturation.

13. Procedure - Trial 3: Coenzyme
Again spread out pennies on table HEADS side up
Repeat procedure for flipping pennies in four 10-second intervals
THIS TIME:
Enzyme has the help of a teammate, representing a coenzyme
Coenzyme picks up pennies and hands them to enzyme for flipping & moving
Record data on white board

14. Co-Enzymes
*No Need to take notes or memorize for quiz – this is just to exemplify importance of enzymes

15. Procedure - Trial 4: Competitive Inhibitors
Spread out pennies on table with approximately 50/50 mix of HEADS and TAILS up
TAILS pennies represent competitive inhibitors. Molecules that have a similar shape and bind to the active site, but cannot be broken down.
Repeat procedure for flipping pennies in four 10-second intervals
THIS TIME:
If your partner picks up a HEADS penny they move it to the edge of the table & flip it to tails and you count it
If your partner picks up a TAILS penny you must stop them and tell them to put it back down
Record data on whiteboard

16. Procedure – Trial 5: Non-Competitive Inhibition
Spread the pennies out as before
Make your hand into a fist
Tape it closed
This represents an inhibitor that binds to the enzyme and permanently alters its shape
Try to pick up pennies for each of the 4 intervals
Fail to pick up pennies and die

17. Non-Competitive Inhibitors and Venoms
*No Need to take notes or memorize for quiz – this is just to exemplify importance of enzymes

18. Where do genes come from?
The connection to venom!

19. Pre lab- enzymes