1. What is an individual’s role in society in regard to other individuals?

2. In particular social contexts, people engage in behaviour in which they would otherwise not participate (e.g. compliance or aggression) In particular social contexts, people do not engage in behaviour in which they would otherwise participate (e.g. helping or aggression)

3. Kitty Genovese Case

4. In Groups of 3, discuss: How do we react when confronted with authority? What do you think are 6 factors that affect obedience? Obedience – changing your attitude or behaviour in response to a direct command from authority.

5. Factors affecting Obedience: Legitimacy of the authority Proximity of the victim Responsibility Prestige Threat of punishment Direct surveillance

6. Milgram’s Obedience Study As you are watching the experiment write down three discussion questions about the content you view. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOYLCy5PVgM Form discussion groups (Four people will be assigned) and have each member ask one of their questions (try to vary your questions). Go around the whole group until each member has had a question answered.

7. Asch’s Conformity Experiment: Explain how one of Asch’s conformity experiments were constructed. What were some of the ethical issues of this experiment? How has this experiment changed the way we think about Social Interaction and Influence? Where in history is this experiment relevant? Stanford Prison Experiment: Explain how the Stanford Prison experiment was constructed. What were some of the ethical issues of this experiment? How has this experiment changed the way we think about Social Interaction and Influence? Where in history is this experiment relevant? Milgram’s Obedience Study: Explain how the Milgram Obedience experiment was constructed. What were some of the ethical issues of this experiment? How has this experiment changed the way we think about Social Interaction and Influence? Where in history is this experiment relevant?

8. What do we know about cults - mind map: In groups of three, create a mind map of everything you know and perceive about Cults. List the functions of Cults, the names of different Cults, etc.

9. A Cult is a group that has a great devotion to some person, idea or object. What elements of Social Psychology do you think could be used by an individual to manipulate others to join their Cult? https://todaysmeet.com/S1PsychologyMsGrear

10. Characteristics of Cults [1] Authoritarian Leadership [2] Exclusivism [3] Isolationism [4] Opposition to Independent Thinking [5] Fear of Being “Disfellowshiped” [6] Threats of Satanic Attack

11. Research a Cult: Task: In groups of 3, research a Cult and prepare a quick presentation to give back to the class. The Cults are: Jim Jones and the People’s Temple Heaven’s Gate (Marshall Applewhite) Rev Moon and the Unification Church Branch Davidians (David Koresh) Jehovah’s witnesses Mormons Scientology (Rev Hubbard) Klu Klux Clan For your cult include: Why it is classified as a cult and not a sect or a religion. Who founded it, when, where and why. An outline of the belief system. Who joined it, how many and any common characteristics they had (ie why they were targeted). What sort of social influence the founder exerted over his/her followers. Any brainwashing or deprogramming that was done to the followers.

12. The Shrinking Cult of Scientology: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0UFZVHfe l4

13. Factors affecting Obedience: Legitimacy of the authority Proximity of the victim Responsibility Prestige Threat of punishment Direct Surveillance Give an explanation of each factor – Why do you think they would affect Obedience?

14. Jim Jones and the People’s Temple

15. Heaven’s Gate (Marshall Applewhite)

16. Rev Moon and the Unification Church

17. Branch Davidians (David Koresh)

18. Jehovah’s witnesses

19. Scientology

20. Klu Klux Clan

21. Cults - RAFT This task will go towards 50% of your Summative grade for this unit. The other 50% of your grade will be based on a written report (We will start this in Week 5). This is due Monday, Week 5 at the start of the lesson. The presentations are to take place on this day.

22. Characteristics of Cults School? [1] Authoritarian Leadership [2] Exclusivism [3] Isolationism [4] Opposition to Independent Thinking [5] Fear of Being “Disfellowshiped” [6] Threats of Attack

23. Characteristics of Cults [1] Authoritarian Leadership [2] Exclusivism [3] Isolationism [4] Opposition to Independent Thinking [5] Fear of Being “Disfellowshiped” [6] Threats of Attack

24. What do you know? Definitions: Conformity Compliance Obedience Aggression Altruism Definitions: Conformity Compliance Obedience Aggression Altruism - Factors that affect Conformity - Factors that influence a reluctance to help - Factors that affect Obedience - Factors that affect Conformity - Factors that influence a reluctance to help - Factors that affect Obedience An Explanation of: Asch’s Conformity Stanford Prison Experiment Milgram’s Obedience An Explanation of: Asch’s Conformity Stanford Prison Experiment Milgram’s Obedience

25. Zimbardo Bingo Place the following Key Terms in the grid below (9x9): Role, Zimbardo, Ecological Validity, 24, identification number, males, Stanford University, Pathology of power, ethical guidelines, real prison, 6 days, newspaper article, military, debriefing, chain and lock, randomly, underwear, randomly, simulation, helplessness, deindividuation, observation, aggression, laboratory experiment The first person to get 5 in a row wins!

26. Altruism Questionnaire Altruism: behaviour that is intended to help others with little benefit to ourselves, often with the possibility of personal risk. What are some factors that could influence altruism? – Todaysmeet Create twenty questions for a questionnaire on “What’s your aptitude for Altruism?”. You might like to use a Google doc to create a survey you could share with the class.

27. Is everyone selfish? Is there such thing as a purely selfless act? Thorndike ’ s law of effect, a fairly “ generic ” reinforcement theory, assumes that people act in such a way so as to maximize gains for the self (positive reinforcement) and avoid losses (pain, punishment etc). But what about Altruism?

28. #1: Altruism is, in fact, selfish behavior after all The “ I couldn’t live with myself in the morning ” theory Ayn Rand Gets around the problem by asserting that there really is no such thing as altruism to begin with. Explaining Altruism – Theoretical Approaches

29. #3: The selfish gene view (sometimes called “ kin selection ” ) Revision of Darwinian theory – Old view: survival of the fittest organism – New view survival of the fittest GENE Genes, not organisms, are the unit of analysis – Burnstein et al. (1994) Explaining Altruism – Theoretical Approaches

30. Those genes that are conducive to the survival and reproduction of copies of themselves are the genes that win. They may do this straightforwardly, by prompting their vehicle to survive, beget offspring, and equip the offspring for survival and reproduction. Or they may do this circuitously—by, say, prompting their vehicle to labor tirelessly…and “selflessly” so that a queen ant can have lots of offspring containing them. However the genes get the job done, it is selfish from their point of view, even if it seems altruistic at the level of the organism. (Robert Wright, 1994; p. 162) Organisms as “gigantic lumbering robots” (Dawkins, 1976; p. 19) under the control of their genes.

31. #4: reciprocity norm Altruism sometimes does occur between unrelated organisms Reciprocity norm Has survival value and hence can become genetically based Explaining Altruism – Theoretical Approaches

32. #5 Social exchange theory Borrows some elements from evolutionary psychology, but doesn‘t assume that desires and motives are genetically based Examples Explaining Altruism – Theoretical Approaches

33. #6 Empathy-altruism hypothesis (Batson) Degree of initial empathy key – If empathy triggered, will help regardless of cost- benefit analysis – If empathy NOT triggered, social exchange theory comes into play – See figure on p. 363 Toi and Batson (1982) Explaining Altruism – Theoretical Approaches

34. Other factors Individual differences? Gender Culture Mood Situational factors – Urban vs. rural – Latane and Darley ’ s model Explaining Altruism – Theoretical Approaches

35. Altruism What is the purpose of Altruism? If we stand to gain nothing from it, why do we do it? A theory: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8C- ntwUpzM

36. Aggression Aggression: any form of behaviour directed towards the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment. What scenario’s fit into this definition? An assertive and persistent sales assistant Domestic Violence Brutally bullying a younger student Over-exuberant netball player who is penalised for accidental physical contact There’s a difference between … and … If harmful behaviour is..., then it can be described as aggressive If harmful behaviour was …, then the behaviour maybe described as reckless, but not aggressive

37. Aggression Aggression: any form of behaviour directed towards the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment. Create a scenario where Aggression might take place.

38. Biological basis of Aggression: Is it human nature to be aggressive? P. 139-142 Instinct Theory: An instinctive behaviour is behaviour that an organism is born with, rather than learns. Genetic Influences: Whether or not human aggression is instinctive and therefore a behaviour that we are all, at least, capable of is debatable. Biochemical influences: If we are confronted with a threatening situation, our nervous system automatically responds by activating our body to deal with the threat. Task: Create a scenario where an individual behaves in an aggressive way. Explain the scenario according to the three biological explanations of Aggressive behaviour.

39. IndependenceDefiance ConformityObedience Yielding to InfluenceResisting influence Continuum of Social Influence

40. IndependenceAssertivenessDefiance ConformityComplianceObedience Yielding to InfluenceResisting influence Continuum of Social Influence

41. Factors affecting Obedience: Legitimacy of the authority Proximity of the victim Responsibility Prestige Threat of punishment Direct Surveillance Give an explanation of each factor – Why do you think they would affect Obedience? Factors affecting Conformity: Group Size Unanimity (uncertainty amongst the group) Group Cohesion Status (Medium status people have the most need to conform) Gender (Same-sex groups – women have higher rates of conformity) Minority Influence (a single person that feels strongly about an issue and resists influence as a result) Give an explanation of each factor – Why do you think they would affect Conformity?

42. Compliance: Changing your attitude or behaviour in response to a direct request by another person. In what way are obedience and compliance similar? In what way are they different?

43. Characteristics of Pro-Social Behaviour: Group Size Unanimity (uncertainty amongst the group) Group Cohesion Status (Medium status people have the most need to conform) Gender (Same-sex groups – women have higher rates of conformity) Minority Influence (a single person that feels strongly about an issue and resists influence as a result) Give an explanation of each factor – Why do you think they would affect Conformity?