1. The English Colonies

4. Economic Development of New England
Heavy reliance on the Atlantic Ocean
Fishing
Shipbuilding
Timber
Rum
Merchants
Trade and Smuggling .

5. Climate and Soil of New England
Long winters
Rocky soil
As a result, many farmers used subsistence farming (farming where you only grow enough food to live off of)

6. Society of New England English settlers were the largest ethnic group.
Land was sold to large groups – often Puritans.
As a result towns grew to support trade.

7. Society continued …
African Americans – slavery wasn’t economical in New England because they weren’t needed for farming.
Many slaves worked in houses or were hired out for various jobs.
Slaves could eventually save enough money to purchase their freedom.
Puritans – their religion declined of competition with other groups and because their ideals didn’t go well with business.

8. Religion of New England
It’s all about Religious Freedom!!!!
Puritans – Protestants who wanted to purify and reform the Church of England (Anglican Church)
Pilgrims – Protestants who wanted to separate from the Church of England

9. Government of New England
Self- Governing charters
Town meetings
Mayflower Compact – a legal contract in which the Pilgrims agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good.
It represents one of the first attempts at self-government

10. The Middle Colonies

11. Economy of the Middle Colonies
Middle Colonies also had excellent ports and river systems.
New York, NY on the Hudson
Philadelphia, PA on the Delaware
Exported grains, furs, and whale oil and imported manufactured goods
Ship building
New York and Philadelphia developed and expanded quickly
“Bread colonies”

12. Climate and Soil Rich soil Mild winters
Growing season that lasted between 6-8 months

13. Society of the Middle Colonies
Was known for its diversity.
Heavy German influence in the region
German craftsman and artisans created many important goods such as:
Long rifles, iron works, glass, furniture, and dinner ware.

14. Society of the Middle Colonies
Climate of tolerance:
The wide variety of groups made it difficult for one group to dominate any other
As a result – there was a great deal of tolerance in the Middle Colonies.
Bigger role for women. Some ran farms and businesses, but still economically limited.
African Americans:
Some were slaves and some were free. Either way they worked as laborers, servants, drivers, sailors, and assistants
Racial tensions did exist, especially in NYC.

15. Colonial Philadelphia

16. Religion of the Middle Colonies
Religion Freedom
Quakers - The Quakers were forced out of New Jersey and William Penn obtained a charter for Pennsylvania. The promise was religious freedom for all Christians.
Variety of religions

17. Government of the Middle Colonies
Religion did not equal government. They were separate!!!
Proprietary Charters

19. Economy of the Southern Colonies
Agriculture!
Ideal for plantation cash crops like indigo, rice, and tobacco.
So they needed a large labor force
Plantations were largely self-sufficient, so very few large cities developed in the South.

20. The Need For Slavery
Plantations had difficulties finding the necessary labor to run a plantation.
Many indentured servants were leaving plantations.
Turned to slave labor. Africans already established as reliable slaves – so planters started to use them.
Kept under control with strict slave codes.

21. Climate and Soil of the Southern Colonies
Very rich soil
Warm weather
Mild winters
Nearly year round growing season

22. Society of the Southern Colonies
Planter Class
Became wealthy off of the cash crops they grew
Dominated all aspects of Southern life
Viewed themselves as nobility.

23. Government of the Southern Colonies
Elected assemblies
House of Burgesses – In Virginia, the members of the government were chosen by the male landowners. Maryland had a similar elected assembly.
Joint-Stock Charters
Colonies are run for Profit

24. Religion of the Southern Colonies
Generally speaking, religion is not the primary focus of the Southern Colonies.
However, religion was still important in society