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CLASSIFICATION Finding Order in Diversity. TAXONOMY Discipline of classifying organisms Assigning each organism a universally accepted name.

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Presentation on theme: "CLASSIFICATION Finding Order in Diversity. TAXONOMY Discipline of classifying organisms Assigning each organism a universally accepted name."— Presentation transcript:

1 CLASSIFICATION Finding Order in Diversity

2 TAXONOMY Discipline of classifying organisms Assigning each organism a universally accepted name

3 WHY CLASSIFY? 1.To name organisms 2.To group them in a logical way

4 WHY CLASSIFY? 3.Classification makes life easier. What are some ways we classify?

5 CLASSIFICATION Organisms are put into groups that have biological significance

6 SCIENTIFIC NAMES 1.Give Biologists a way to communicate 2.Many organisms may have several names. Ex: Cougar: mountain lion, puma or catamount. Photo courtesy Texas Parks and Wildlife Department © 2004 Felis concolor

7 BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE Developed by Carl Linnaeus –Swedish botanist Two-word naming system

8 BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE First name: Genus –first letter is capitalized –italics or underlined –Share important characteristics Homo sapien Ursus arctos Grizzly bear picture is reproduced with permission from WWF. © 2004 WWF- World Wide Fund For Nature (Formerly World Wildlife Fund). All Rights Reserved. www.panda.org. www.panda.org.

9 Second name: species –first letter is lower-case –Italics or underlined –One particular kind of organism Homo sapien Ursus arctos BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

10 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

11 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION Domain –largest & most inclusive Species –smallest & most specific

12 CLASSIFICATION & RELATIONSHIPS The more shared taxonomic levels, the more closely related

13 What do the scientific names of the polar, grizzly & panda bears tell you about their similarity to each other? Ursus maritimusUrsus arctosAiluropoda melanoleuca Pictures reproduced with permission from WWF. © 2004 WWF- World Wide Fund For Nature (Formerly World Wildlife Fund). All Rights Reserved. www.panda.org.www.panda.org.

14 OrganismCatWolfFly KingdomAnimalia PhylumChordata Arthropoda ClassMammalia Insecta OrderCarnivora Diptera FamilyFelidaeCanidaeMuscidae GenusFelisCanisMusca SpeciesF. domesticus C. lupusM. domestica

15 1.What type of animal is Musca domestica? 2.From the table, which two animals are most closely related? 3. At what classification level does the evolutionary relationship between cats and wolves diverge (become different)? Animal; insect Cat and Wolf Family Level

16 EVOLUTIONARY CLASSIFICATION Organisms are grouped into categories that represent lines of evolutionary descent, or phylogeny, not just physical similarities. Phylogeny: Evolutionary relationships among organisms.

17 Not all features are inherited from a common ancestor Convergent evolution: Similarities evolve in organisms not closely related Ex: Wings of a bird and insect Remember: Analogous structures!

18 CLADOGRAM A BC DE F Speciation: formation of two new species from one Clade or lineage TIMETIME

19 CLADOGRAM: Vertebrates Fur & Mammary Glands Jaws Lungs Claws or Nails Feathers Hagfish Fish Frog Lizard Pigeon Mouse Chimp Derived characteristic: Evolved in one group but not another

20 Four groups are represented by circular regions Each region represents different taxonomic levels. Regions that overlap, share common members. Regions that do not overlap do not have common members. A. B. C. D.

21 Matching:  Mammals  Animals with backbones  Insects  All animals A. B. C. D. C B D A

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