1. He Helped the Blind Unit Two

2. Teaching plan Situation: First Day in College Pattern: Oral Situation: Book Preservation Pattern: Writing Situation: Text and a short play Pattern: Oral Task1: Help each other Task2: Fill an Order Task3: Ways of the generation of creativity

3. Background Information Louis Braille (1809 － 1852) Braille The Village of Coupvray The Braille Family Home BI

4. BI-Louis Louis Braille (1809—1852) Louis Braille was a blind Frenchman who invented the braille system of printing and writing for the blind. He was born near Paris. An accident at age 3 followed by a serious infection left him blind. He entered the Royal Institution for Blind Youth in Paris (now the National Institution for Blind Youth) when he was 10. Braille was a good student, especially of science and music, and he became a church organist. He remained at the Institute as a teacher. There he developed his system of reading. (From the 1998 World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia)

5. Braille Braille is a code of small, raised dots on paper that can be read by touch. Louis Braille, a 15-year old blind French student, developed a raised dot reading system in 1824. The idea came to him from the dot code punched on cardboard that Captain Charles Barbier used to send messages to his soldiers at night. In 1829, Braille published a dot system, basing it on a “cell “of six dots. From the 63 possible arrangements of the dots, Braille worked out an alphabet, punctuation marks, numerals, and, later, a system for writing music. His code was not officially accepted at once. But later it won universal acceptance for all written languages and for mathematics, science, and computer notation. BI-Braille-1

6. Blind people read braille by running their fingers along on the dots. They can write braille on a 6-key machine called a braillewriter, or with a pocket-size metal or plastic slate. Braille books are pressed from metal plates. The characters are stamped on both sides of the paper by a method called inter- pointing. Dots on one side of the page do not interfere with those printed on the other. In the early 1960’s, publishers began using computers to speed up production of braille books. The text is typed Braille

7. into a computer that automa- tically translates it into braille. The computer then transfers the raised braille figures onto paper or onto metal plates for use in a press. By another method, a vacuum braille former duplicates hand- transcribed braille pages on plastic sheets, which are then bound in volumes. (From the 1998 World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia) BI-Braille-2

8. The Village of Coupvray BI-Village-1 The village of Coupvray is situated on the slopes of a grassy hill set between the Brie region of France and that of the Champagne province. In spite of the proximity of the Marne Valley, it retains even today the character of a rural village. One may still see the small brown-tiled roofs, the farmyards, the farmhouses and a village green surrounded by trees where are clustered together St. Pierre Church (where Louis Braille was christened on January 8, 1809), the village hall, and the monument set up in 1887 and topped by a bust of the inventor of the alphabet for the blind. The body of Louis Braille rested in the village cemetery till 1952. On his tomb can be seen a casket in which the remains of his hands are preserved — those hands which were the first in the world to finger the raised dots of the Braille alphabet. All around is still open country.

9. BI-Village-2 Here and there amid the gardens and orchards, small grassy paths meander across the hillside. And, on the lower slopes, is an old wash-house with wooden posts and mossy tiles where the clear waters flow swiftly by, gently murmuring. (From www.blind.net/bg410002.htm)

10. BI-cac1 The Braille Family Home The Braille family home is in the lower part of Coupvray at the end of a small street which in the past went by the name of Knoll Street. It is a large solid house, built in the latter half of the 18th century and restored at various times since then. The Braille family also owned several farm buildings in the yard and on the opposite side of the street. A marble tablet was affixed in 1952 to the wall of the house facing the yard. The text, in French and English, reads:

11. BI-cac2 The Braille Family Home In this house on January 4, 1809 was born Louis Braille inventor of writing in raised dots for use of the blind. He opened the doors of knowledge to those who cannot see. (From www.blind.net/bg410002.htm) (

12. Starter The development of society is powered by inventions and discoveries. Looking back into history, we may find a number of them have changed people’s lives greatly. Can you name three inventions or discoveries that you think are the most important in human history? Text A Starter1-1

13. Starter Text A Three inventions or discoveries that you think are the most important in human history: 1. 2. 3. Starter1-2 Now compare your response with a classmate, and explain why you think they are the most important.

14. Text A Article1 He Helped the BlindBlind Jeanne K. Grieser 1 Blind and wanting to read — those were the realities of Louis Braille’s life. The desire to read easily led to the Braille system. January 4 is Braille Day. That day honors the blind. But we should also remember Louis and what he achieved by age 15.realitiesdesireled tosystemhonorsLouis ? N N

15. Text A Article2 2 Louis Braille was born on January 4, 1809, in France. He lived with his parents, two older sisters, and one older brother in a small, stone house in Coupvray.France ? N

16. Text A Article3 3 Three-year-old Louis went to his father’s workshop. Louis’s father was a saddle maker who made items out of leather. Imitating his father, Louis tried to cut a piece of leather with a small knife. His hand slipped, and the point of the knife went into his eye. The doctors took care of him the best they could, but the injured eye got infected. Then the infection spread to his good eye. Louis became blind.workshopsaddlemadeitemsout of leatherImitatingslippedtook care ofthe best they couldinjuredinfected infectionspread ? N N

17. Text A Article4 4 Louis went to a public school and learned by listening to the teacher. To do his homework, his sister and a friend read the assignments to him. Soon Louis was at the top of his class.public ?

18. Text A Article5 5 One day, the pastor of Louis’s church came to Louis’s house and told his parents of a school for the blind in Paris. Louis’s parents decided to send him to the school when he was nine years old.pastorchurchtold his parents of a school Paris ? N

19. Text A Article6 6 Louis wanted very much to read. The school had only 14 books for blind people; the books were big and heavy. The letters were large and raised; one book took a long time to read. Louis thought there must be a better way to read. ?

20. Text A Article7 7 When Louis was 12, Charles Barbier, a French Army officer, came to the school. Barbier developed an alphabet code used by army soldiers. The code was used to deliver messages to the soldiers at night. It was made up of dots and dashes. It kept the messages secret even if the enemy would see them, but the code was too complicated for the blind. Louis thought the code was slow and the dashes took up too much space. Only one or two sentences fit on a page.Charles BarbierFrench officerdevelopedalphabet codesoldiersdelivermade up dotsdashessecretenemycomplicatedtook up fit ? N N

21. Text A Article8 8 Over the next three years, Louis worked to simplify the code. On a vacation at home, Louis, age 15, picked up a blunt awl. Aha! An idea came to him. He made the alphabet using only six dots. Different dots were raised for different letters. Later, he made a system for numbers and music.simplifyvacationpicked up bluntawlAhacame to ? N

22. Text A Article9 9 Today, Braille is in nearly every language around the world. Louis Braille, at age 15, changed the lives of blind people when he created the six-dot Braille system. It is fitting that January 4, Louis’s birthday, is considered Braille Day, in honor of the blind.nearlycreated N (454 words)

23. Article1_popwin_Q 1) Who was Louis Braille? He was a blind Frenchman, the inventor of the Braille system. 2) Why is January 4 named Braille Day? January 4 is Louis’s birthday; it is named Braille Day to remember Louis and his achievement and to honor the blind.

24. Article1_popwin_blind Language Points blind /  /: a. unable to see 瞎的， 盲的 e.g. Mary’s been blind since birth. Love is blind. the blind: the blind people 盲人 a school for the blind T 玛丽从一生下来就双目失明。 T 爱情是盲目的。 T 盲人学校

25. Article1_popwin_Jeanne K. Language Points Jeanne K. Grieser /    / 珍尼 ·K· 格里泽

26. Article1_popwin_S_the desire… Language Points The desire to read easily led to the Braille system. The subject of this sentence is “the desire to read easily” （想顺利进行阅读 的愿望 ).

27. Article1_popwin_reality Language Points reality /  l  /: n. all that is real; quality or state of being real 现实，实际；真实，真实性 e.g. Don’t escape from reality. Face it. The reality is that we have barely enough food for three days. T 不要逃避现实，要面对它。 T 现实是我们只有勉强够吃三天的食物。

28. Article1_popwin_desire Language Points desire /  /: n. longing; strong wish 渴 望；愿望 A strong desire is an essential requirement for success. You can tell him of your desire to go on the trip with him. e.g. T 强烈的愿望是取得成功的必要条件。 T 你可以把和他一起去旅行的愿望告诉他。

29. Article1_popwin_lead to Language Points lead to: have (sth.) as its result 导致 The high fever led to her blindness. Confidence and hard work will lead to success. e.g. T 高烧导致她双目失明。 T 信心和努力工作会带来成功。

30. Article1_popwin_system Language Points system /  /: n. group of things or parts working together as a whole; set of ideas, theories, principles, etc. according to which sth. is done 系统；制度；体系 a computer system the city’s subway system the educational system of China e.g. T 电脑系统 T 中国的教育制度 T 城市的地铁系统

31. Article1_popwin_honor1 Language Points honor /  /: 1. n. great (public) respect, good opinion, etc. shown to sb.; good character or reputation 崇敬；敬意；荣誉；名誉 Bill’s brave actions earned him great honor. We hold him in great honor. e.g. T 比尔的勇敢行为为他赢得了极大的荣誉。 T 我们十分敬重他。

32. Article1_popwin_honor2 Language Points The Bible says that you should honor your father and mother. September 10 is Teacher’s Day in China. That day honors teachers. e.g. in honor of (used at the end of the text): out of respect for 出于对 … 的敬意 e.g. This holiday is celebrated in honor of the old. The school decided to build a new library in honor of its former headmaster. 2. vt. show great respect or honor to 向 … 表示敬意；给 … 以荣誉 T 《圣经》说你应该尊敬父母。 T 9 月 10 日是中国的教师节。这一节日是向教师们表示敬意。 T 这个节日是为敬老而设立的。 T 学校决定建一座新的图书馆来纪念他们的前任校长。

33. Article1_popwin_S_we should… Language Points But we should also remember Louis and what he achieved by age 15. 我们还应该记住路易及其在 15 岁时取得的成就。 remember 后有两个宾语 : Louis 和 what he achieved by age 15 。 第二个宾语是 由 what 引导的名词性从句。

34. Article1_popwin_Louis Language Points Louis Braille /   / 路易 · 布莱 叶

35. Article2_popwin_ Q 3) How many people were there in Louis’s family? six.

36. Article2_popwin_S_ Louis… Louis Braille was born on January 4, 1809, in France. 说某事发生在特定的某一天，用介词 on 来表示。 in 常用来表示某事发生的月份或 年份，也用来指示事情发生的地点。 e.g. I’m leaving for Beijing on Monday. This year’s sports meeting will take place on April 2. It usually rains a lot in June. He was born in 1940. The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing. Language Points T 我周一去北京。 T 今年的运动会将在 4 月 2 日举行。 T 通常 6 月雨水很多。 T 他是 1940 年出生的。 T 2008 年奥运会将在北京举办。

37. Article2_popwin_ France France /  / 法兰西，法国 Coupvray /  / 库普弗雷（法 国城市） Language Points

38. Article3_popwin_ Q 4) How did Louis become blind? He injured his eye with a knife by accident, and the infection made both his eyes blind.

39. Article3_popwin_ make out of make… out of…: produce… using… as material 用 … 制造出 … e.g. What is ink made out of? They’ll make a first class doctor out of her. Language Points T 墨水是用什么制造的？ T 他们要把她培养成第一流的医生。

40. Article3_popwin_ S_Imitating… Imitating his father, Louis tried to cut a piece of leather with a small knife. 路易学着父亲的样子，试着用小刀割一块皮革。 Imitating his father 是分词短语，用作状语。分词短语作状语时，它逻辑上的主 语一般必须与句子的主语一致。课文中类似的用法还有： He made the alphabet using only six dots. (Para. 8) Language Points

41. Article3_popwin_ workshop workshop /  /: n. 车间；工场；作坊 Language Points

42. Article3_popwin_ saddle saddle /  /: n. 鞍；马鞍；鞍具 Language Points

43. Article3_popwin_ item item /  /: n. single article or unit in a list; single piece of news 条，项；项目；条款；（新闻等的）一条，一则 Language Points e.g. Please check the items in this bill. I took the items out of the box, one by one. T 请核对一下这张账单上的项目。 T 我把东西一样一样地从盒子里取出来。

44. Article3_popwin_ leather leather /  /: n. 皮革 Language Points

45. Article3_popwin_ imitate imitate /  /: vt. copy the speech, actions, etc. of (sb.); take or follow as an example 模仿，仿效，学 … 的样 Language Points e.g. The little girl was imitating her big brother by trying to walk like him. He imitates the way his father does things. T 小姑娘正在模仿她哥哥走路的样子。 T 他学他父亲做事的样子。

46. Article3_popwin_ slip slip /  /: vi. 滑；滑落；溜；悄悄地走 Language Points e.g. She slipped on the ice. He slipped away from the meeting. T 她在冰上滑了一跤。 T 他从会上悄悄地溜走了。

47. Article3_popwin_ take care of take care of: look after; be responsible for 照料；负责 Language Points e.g. If we both leave, who will take care of the children? My wife takes care of all the bills. T 如果我们俩都离开了，那谁来照顾孩子们呢？ T 我太太负责处理所有的账单。

48. Article3_popwin_ the best they could: the best they could: the best 是副词 well 的最高级形式。 the best they could = as well as they could 。 Language Points

49. Article3_popwin_ injure injure /  n  /: vt. hurt; harm 伤害；损害 Language Points e.g. He injured his knee when he ran in a long distance race. Luckily, we were not injured in the car crash. T 他在长跑比赛中摔伤了膝盖 T 幸运的是，我们没有在车祸中受伤。

50. Article3_popwin_infect infect /  n  /: vt. cause (sb./sth.) to be affected (by a disease, germs, etc.) 传染； 感染 Language Points e.g. Every time you cough you may be infecting others with germs. His ear got infected and he became deaf. T 你每次咳嗽可能都在把病菌传染给别人。 T 他的耳朵受到感染，他变聋了。

51. Article3_popwin_infection Language Points e.g. infection /  /: n. 传染； 感染 An ear infection made him deaf. T 耳朵感染使他变聋了。

52. Article3_popwin_ spread spread /  /: v. (cause sth. to) become (more) widely known, felt or suffered （使）传开；传染；（使）蔓延 Language Points e.g. The fire spread quickly and burned down their neighbor’s house too. I spread the good news to everyone. T 大火迅速蔓延开来，把他们邻居的房子也烧毁了。 T 我把好消息传播给了每个人。

53. Article3_popwin_ S_ The doctors took … The doctors took care of him the best they could, but the injured eye got infected. Language Points 医生们竭尽全力为他医治，但那只受伤的眼睛受到了感染。 the best 是副词 well 的最高级形式。 the best they could = as well as they could 。

54. Article4_popwin_ Q 5) As a blind child, did Louis give up his school education? How could he keep up with studies in school? No. He learned by listening to his teacher. And his sister and a friend read the assignments aloud to him so that he could do the homework.

55. Article4_popwin_ public public /  /: 1. a. 公立的；公众的，公共的； 公开的 e.g. This city has a fine public library and a few public parks. Reporters learned the news on Friday but agreed not to make it public until the following day. Language Points 2. n. 公众，民众 e.g. I wish to make it known to the public. Police are asking the public to help them find two dangerous bank robbers. T 这个城市有一个很好的公共图书馆和几个公园。 T 记者们星期五得知了这个消息但同意第二天再公开报道它。 T 我希望将它公诸于众。 T 警方请求公众帮助他们寻找两个危险的银行抢劫犯。

56. Article5_popwin_ Q 6) What did Louis’s parents decide to do when he was nine years old? They decided to send him to a school for the blind in Paris.

57. Article5_popwin_ pastor pastor /  /: n. 牧师 Language Points

58. Article5_popwin_ church church /  /: n. 教堂；礼拜； ［ C ］ 教会 e.g. visit a church go to church Language Points T 参观一座教堂 T 去做礼拜

59. Article5_popwin_ told his parents of a school told his parents of a school: = told his parents about a school Language Points

60. Article5_popwin_ S_Louis’s parents … Louis’s parents decided to send him to the school when he was nine years old.: 路易的父母决定把他送到那所学校去，当时他 9 岁。 时间状语从句 when he was nine years old 放在了主句的后面。课文中同样的结 构还有： Louis Braille, at age 15, changed the lives of blind people when he created the six dot Braille system. (Para.9) 时间状语从句放在句首时, 主句前应该加上逗号。如 : When he was nine years old, Louis’s parents decided to send him to the school. Language Points

61. Article5_popwin_ Pairs Paris /  / 巴黎（法国首都） Language Points

62. Article6_popwin_ Q 7) What were the books for the blind like in the school in Paris? They were big and heavy. The letters were large and raised.

63. Article7_popwin_ Q 8) What was the alphabet code used by army soldiers made up of? Dots and dashes. 9) Why was the army code no good for the blind? It was too complicated; the code was slow and the dashes took up too much space.

64. Article7_popwin_ French French /  /: 1. a. 法国的；法国人的；法 语的 e.g. the French government Mr. Fu Lei translated many French novels into Chinese. French is taught in many high schools in England. Language Points 2. n. 法语 ; ［ the ~ ］ ［总称］法国人 T 傅雷先生把许多法语 / 国小说译成了汉语。 T 英国很多中学里教法语。 T 法国政府

65. Article7_popwin_ officer officer /  /: n. 军官 e.g. His father is an army officer. Language Points T 他父亲是名陆军军官。

66. Article7_popwin_ S_Barbier developed … Barbier developed an alphabet code used by army soldiers. 巴比埃研制出了一种供军队士兵使用的字母电码。 Language Points used by army soldiers 是过去分词短语，修饰 alphabet code ， 作定语。

67. Article7_popwin_ develop develop /  /: v. 制订；研制；（使）形成；（使）成长；（使）发育； 发展 Language Points They spent a lot of time developing the plan. Tom and Mary developed their friendship slowly. She is studying how the human brain develops before and after birth. e.g. T 他们花了很多时间制订这个计划。 T 汤姆和玛丽慢慢地发展着他们的友谊。 T 她在研究人脑在出生前后是怎样发育的。

68. Article7_popwin_ alphabet alphabet /  /: n. 字母 表 Language Points

69. Article7_popwin_ code code /  /: n. 密码；电码；代码 Language Points secret code military code e.g. T 密码 T 军用密码

70. Article7_popwin_ soldier soldier /  /: n. 士 兵 Language Points

71. Article7_popwin_ deliver deliver /  /: vt. 传送（信息等）；投递（信件等）；发表（演说 ) 等 Language Points Did you deliver my message to my father? The letter was delivered to the wrong person. deliver a speech e.g. T 你把我的信息传给我父亲了吗 ？ T 信投错了人。 T 发表演说

72. Article7_popwin_ dot dot /  /: n. 点，圆点 Language Points

73. Article7_popwin_ dash dash /  /: n. （ 莫尔斯电码的）划，长划；破折号（即 — ）；猛冲，飞奔 Language Points

74. Article7_popwin_ make up make up: form, compose or constitute 组成，构成 Language Points We need just one more player to make up a full team. A car is made up of many different parts. e.g. T 我们只要再多一个球员就可组成一支完整的球队了。 T 汽车由许多不同的部件组成。

75. Article7_popwin_ S_It kept … It kept the messages secret if the enemy would see them,…: 即时敌人看到信息，电码也能使它们保密。 would 表示一种假设的情况，是虚拟语气。 Language Points

76. Article7_popwin_ secret secret / ’  /: 1. a. not known by others 秘 密的 Language Points There is nothing secret about it. You must keep my words secret. e.g. 2. n. fact, decision, etc. that is kept secret 秘密 e.g. This is a secret between you and me. T 关于此事没有什么秘密。 T 你一定要为我说的话保密。 T 这是你我之间的秘密。

77. Article7_popwin_ enemy enemy /  /: n. 敌人 Language Points

78. Article7_popwin_ complicated complicated /  /: a. （结构）复杂的；难 懂的 Language Points a complicated problem a complicated system e.g. T 复杂的问题 T 复杂的系统

79. Article7_popwin_ take up take up: fill or occupy (the specified time or space) 占去（时间或地方） Language Points Move over! You’re taking up far too much room. This work takes up all my time. e.g. T 移过去一点儿！你占的地方太大了。 T 这份工作占去了我所有的时间。

80. Article7_popwin_ fit fit /  /: (fit; fitting) 1. vi. 被容纳；（服装等）合身，合适；适合；适应 Language Points The suit doesn’t fit well. This chair fits here between the table and the fireplace. e.g. 2. a. 适合的；健康的 This water isn’t fit for drinking. keep fit e.g. T 这衣服不合身。 T 椅子放在桌子和壁炉之间很合适。 T 这水不适合饮用。 T 保持健康

81. Article7_popwin_ Charles Barbier Charles Barbier /   / 查 尔斯 · 巴比埃 Language Points

82. Article8_popwin_ Q 10) How long did it take Louis to develop his Braille system? Three years. 11) How does the Braille system work? The alphabet uses six dots. Different dots are raised for different letters.

83. Article8_popwin_ simplify simplify /  /: vt. make (sth.) easy to do or understand; make simpler 使简易；使简明；简化 Language Points

84. Article8_popwin_ vacation vacation /  /: n. time when a school, etc. is closed to students; holiday 假期；休假 Language Points the summer/winter vacation take a vacation from work e.g. T 暑 / 寒假 T 休假

85. Article8_popwin_ pick up pick up: take hold of and lift 拿起；捡起；提起 Language Points He picked up a stone and threw it at the birds. She picked up the book from the floor. e.g. T 他捡起一块石头朝鸟群扔去。 T 她把书从地板上捡了起来。

86. Article8_popwin_ blunt blunt /  /: a. without a sharp edge or a point 钝的 Language Points blunt knife a blunt pencil e.g. T 一把钝刀 T 粗笔尖的铅笔

87. Article8_popwin_ awl awl /  / n. small pointed tool for making holes, esp. in leather or wood 锥子 Language Points

88. Article8_popwin_ aha aha /  /: int. (used esp. to show surprise or satisfaction) 啊哈（表示惊讶、得意等） Language Points

89. Article8_popwin_ come to come to: (of an idea) occur to (sb.) （指主意）被想起 Language Points I forgot what I was going to say. Oh well, it will come to me later. It suddenly came to me that Mary hates fish. e.g. T 我忘了要说什么了。算了，我过一会儿会想起来的。 T 我突然想起玛丽不爱吃鱼。

90. Article8_popwin_ On a vacation at home … On a vacation at home, Louis, age 15, picked up a blunt awl. 在家中度假的某一天， 15 岁的路易捡起了一把钝锥子。 age 15 是插在主语和谓语中间的一个修饰语，修饰 Louis 。 Language Points

91. Article9_popwin_ nearly nearly /  /: ad. almost; very close to 几乎， 差不多 Language Points It was nearly ten o’clock when he left. Last year she was very ill and nearly died. e.g. T 他离开时快 10 点钟了。 T 去年她病得很重，差点死掉。

92. Article9_popwin_ create create /  /: vt. make (sth. new or original); have (sth.) as a result; produce 创造；创作；引起；产生 Language Points Here are some pieces of art created by our children. Sitting around the fire with friends beside me created a feeling of warmth deep in my heart. e.g. T 这是我们的孩子们创作的一些艺术作品。 T 和朋友们一起围坐在炉火边，我的内心深处产生了一种温暖的感觉。

93. Article9_popwin_ It is fitting … It is fitting that January 4, Louis’s birthday, is considered Braille Day, in honor of the blind.: 把布莱叶的生日 1 月 4 日定为向盲人表示敬意的布莱叶日是非常恰当的。 Louis’s birthday 是 January 4 的同位语。 Language Points

94. Text A Exercises Reading Aloud Understanding the Text Reading Analysis Vocabulary Structure TextA Exercises-main Translation

95. Read the following paragraphs until you have learned them by heart. When Louis was 12, Charles Barbier, a French Army officer, came to the school. Barbier developed an alphabet code used by army soldiers. The code was used to deliver messages to the soldiers at night. It was made up of dots and dashes. It kept the messages secret if the enemy saw them, but the code was too complicated for the blind. Louis thought the code was slow and the dashes took up too much space. Only one or two sentences fit on a page. Over the next three years, Louis worked to simplify the code. On a vacation at home, Louis, age 15, picked up a blunt awl. Aha! An idea came to him. He made the alphabet using only six dots. Different dots were raised for different letters. Later, he made a system for numbers and music. Reading aloud 1. Reading Aloud

96. Answer the following questions. Understandling-Answer-1 1. Who was Louis Braille? 2. Why is January 4 named Braille Day? 3. How many people were there in Louis’s family? 4. How did Louis become blind? 5. As a blind child, did Louis give up his school education? How could he keep up with studies in school? 6. What did Louis’s parents decide to do when he was nine years old? 7. What were the books for the blind like in the school in Paris? 8. What was the alphabet code used by army soldiers made up of? 9. Why was the code no good for the blind? 10. How long did it take Louis to develop his Braille system? 11. How does the Braille system work? 2. Understanding the Text

97. Topics for Discussion. 1. “Louis Braille, at age 15, changed the lives of blind people when he created the six-dot Braille system.” Now discuss with your classmates what changes this system can bring to a blind person’s life. 2. “Necessity is the mother of invention.” Do you agree that Braille’s story proves this saying? Do you know any other examples that prove the truth of this saying? Topics-1 3.

98. Read text-1 Opening remarks 1 January 4 is Braille Day in honor of and Part Topic Paragraph Main Idea Ⅰ the blind Read Text A again and complete the following table. Louis Braille Ⅱ Louis Braille’s invention of Braille system 2 3 4 Louis Braille was born on in January 4,1809 France Louis became blind when he was years old. three Louis went to school and was at the top of his class 4. Reading Analysis _________ ____________. _____________, _________. _______ _________________.

99. Read text-2 5 Louis’s parents decided to send him to a school for the blind in Paris 6 7 Louis was not satisfied with the books for blind people and wanted The developed by Charles Barbier did not fit the blind. a better way to read alphabet code Part Topic Paragraph Main Idea ___________________ ______________ _____. _____________ _______. _____________ _

100. 6. My classmates all laughed when I our teacher. 5. We were happy that her dream of marrying Fred finally became a. 1. As a young man, he has a strong for success. 3. On Memorial Day （阵亡将士纪念日） the American people those soldiers who died in wars. 2. The plan must remain until next month. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary. Vocabulary-Fill in1-1 reality desire honor imitate injure infect spread develop deliver secret create nearly desire secret honor 5. Vocabulary ______ _____ ______ 4. My finger was when I tried to collect the broken glass by hand. injured reality ______ _______ imitated_______

101. 12. It took us two hours to get there. 11. Do you believe that God the world in six days? 10. Your throat （咽喉） looks. I think you should take some medicine. Vocabulary- Fill in1-3 7. The book says that modern music was first in Italy. developed delivering spread 8. The boy could earn （赚得） a little money by newspapers. 9. Jane stayed home on Monday so that her cold would not to others in the office. _________ ________ ______ infected _______ created ______ nearly______ reality desire honor imitate injure infect spread develop deliver secret create nearly

102. 6. Human beings learned to tools stones thousands of years ago. 5. The students are planning a big party their retiring （将退休的） teacher. 1. It suddenly me that I should have left a message on his desk. 2. Please that piece of paper you’ve just dropped on the floor. 3. I don’t think quarrels will ever any good results. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary. Vocabulary-Fill in2-1 lead to make sth. out oftake care of be made up of take up come to in honor ofpick up came to pick up lead to 6. _______ ______ 4. My friend agreed to my dog while I’m on vacation. take care of ___________ in honor of__________ make out of_____

103. Vocabulary-Fill in2-3 7. Don’t you think watching TV too much of your time? has taken up made up of 8. A team 15 doctors and 25 nurses was sent to the flooded area （水灾地区）. lead to make sth. out oftake care of be made up of take up come to in honor ofpick up ___________ _________

104. 3.I shall never forget the tragedy （悲剧） that happened （ 2001 年 9 月 11 日在纽约） 2. The peace talks between the two enemy countries began （ 1961 年 6 月 28 日在第三方国家） Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English. Structure-1 Model: Louis Braille was born on January 4, 1809, in France. 1. The Wright brothers made their first powered flight （ 1903 年 12 月 17 日在美国） on December 17, 1903, in America on June 28, 1961, in a third country 7. Structure _______________________________. ______________________________. in New York City on September 11____________________________. 4.The well-known American writer died. （ 1941 年 1 月 13 日在巴黎） on January 13, 1941, in Paris_________________________

105. 4., I set up a study program to regulate the time I spend on study and on socializing. （学着做一个对自己负 责的人） 3., John tried hard to find the answer to the question. （敲着脑袋） Structure-3 Model: Imitating his father, Louis tried to cut a piece of leather with a small knife. 1., John became an engineer after he finished college. （跟随他的哥哥） Following his brother Wanting very much to read himself2., Louis decided to create a better way of reading for the blind. ( 自己非常想读书 ) _________________ ____________________________ Knocking at his head_________________ Learning to be a person responsible for myself_____________________________________

106. 4. 当他受伤的眼睛受到感染、接着又传给那只好的眼睛时，他就成了盲人。 3. 在城里迷路时，我幸运地找到了一位警察。 Translate the following sentences into English using the “main clause + when…” structure. Structure-3 Models: 1) Luis’s parents decide to send him to the school when he was nine years old. 2) Louis Braille changed the lives of blind people when he created the six-dot Braille system. 1. 记着到那儿以后给我写信。 Remember to write to me when you get there. Mary felt much better when she shared her fears with her mother. 2. 把自己的恐惧告诉妈妈之后，玛丽感觉好多了。 8. ____________________________________________________________ I was lucky to find a policeman when I got lost in the city.____________________________________________________________ He became blind when his injured eye got infected and when the infection spread to his good eye. ____________________________________________________________

107. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. 你可以把信息转变成 (transfer… into) 由点、划组成的密码来使它保密。 2. 刀从她湿漉漉的手中滑落，扎伤了她脚边的小宠物 (pet) 。 3. 选择 10 月 1 日，中华人民共和国的诞生日，作为国庆节是非常恰当的。 9. You can keep the message secret by transferring it into a code made up of dots and dashes. The knife slipped from her wet hand and injured the little pet at her foot. It is fitting that October 1, the birthday of the People’s Republic of China, is picked up as the National Day. Translation _______________________________________________________________

108. 4. 在乡下度假时，我拍摄了一些美丽的建筑物的照片，比如这所公立学校和它旁边 的小教堂。 5. 创造的愿望是十分重要的。如果我们只是模仿别人，那就很难发展新事物了。 6. 消息在传达给军官之前就在士兵中间传开了。 On my vacation in the country, I took pictures of some beautiful buildings, such as this public school and the small church next to it. The desire to create is very important. If we only imitate others, we can hardly develop anything new. The message had spread among the soldiers before it was delivered to the officers. _______________________________________________________________

109. PW1 Practical Writing Book order form The book order form, when sent to the bookseller, is a purchase order with your name, address, work and home phone numbers, etc. You should also list the quantity, title, author and price for each book ordered. A book order form constitutes acceptance of a bid, resulting in a contract. Sometimes other agreed terms such as payment, discounts, date of performance, etc., are included.

110. PW2 Title The name of the book /painting /piece of music that you are going to order. Please remember that double angle brackets ( 《》 ) are only used in Chinese to enclose the title of a book or an article; there are no such punctuation marks in English. Quantity Simply put, quantity here means the amount of each book a customer will purchase. Please remember to inquire for special rates for orders of more than 10 copies. Unit price/Total Price The unit price is the price of a single item/book. The total price/ amount is the total cost of all copies of the books ordered by the purchaser.

111. PW3 The following is part of a book order form. Fill in the form with the information given below in Chinese. Some parts have been done for you. 李思嘉要在贝思得书店订购三本书，其书名和单价分别为： 1. Getting Ahead ￥ 12.00 2. New Interchange (Book One) ￥ 39.90 3. International Business English ￥ 22.00 她的个人信息如下： 联系地址：中国湖南省长沙市解放路 118 号 邮编： 410003 单位电话： 86-731-6949979 家庭电话： 86-731-6953478 电子邮件地址： lisijia66@yahoo.com.cn 传真： 86-731-6949978

112. PW4 Book Order Form Please fill in the information needed. Li Sijia Name: Address: 118 Jie Fang Road City:Changsha State/Province:Hunan Country: P.R.C. _______________

113. PW5 Zip Code: 410003 Home Phone: 86-731-6953478 Office Phone: 86-731-6949979 Fax: 86-731-6949978 E-mail: lisijia66@yahoo.com.cn ___________________

114. PW6 No. Title ( 书名 ) Quantity ( 数量 ) Unit Price （单价） Total （总价） Getting Ahead1 ￥ 12.00 New Interchange (Book One) ￥ 39.90 1 International Business English1 ￥ 22.00 Total3 ￥ 73.90 1 2 3 _____________________ ________________________ ______

115. PW7 Select three books from the following list and fill in the book order form with your own information. Title Unit Price Jane Eyre 《 简爱 》￥ 7.80 Gone With the Wind 《 飘 》￥ 11.90 Pride and Prejudice 《 傲慢与偏见 》￥ 4.80

116. PW8 Tess of the D’Urbervilles 《 苔丝 》￥ 6.30 The Godfather 《 教父 》￥ 7.80 Rebecca 《 蝴蝶梦 》￥ 6.80 Little Women 《小妇人》 ￥ 8.50 A Farewell to Arms 《 永别了，武器 》 ￥ 3.50

117. PW9 Please fill in the information needed. Name:___________ Date:_____________ Address :_______________________________ City: state/province: zip code: phone: _________ _____________ _________ ________ E-mail: ________________________________

118. PW10 Books No. 1 2 3 Total Title UnitQuantityTotal