1. Turkey

2. 1.Physical Geography Relative Location- A bit larger than Texas Lies on 2 continents!

3. 2. The Land The Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea are joined by the Turkish Straits Turkish Straits The Bosporus The Sea of Marmara The Dardanelles

4. 2. The Land Pontic Mountains, Anatolian Plateau, Taurus Mountains

5. 3. Climate Anatolian Plateau- hot, dry summers and cold, snowy winters Coastal areas- Mediterranean climate, cool, dry summers and mild, rainy winters

6. 4. The Economy Agriculture is an important part of Turkey’s economy Wheat Livestock Agriculture makes up 30% of Turkey’s Economy The largest industry is textiles and clothing. Rich in mineral deposits Iron ore Coal Copper

7. Economy Continued Turkey has a mixed or socialist economic system. The private sector is growing, and the government has reduced its control in industry, banking, transportation, and communications.

8. 6. History: The Ottomans The people of Turkey are descended from the “Turks” who came to Anatolia in 900 A.D. One group of Turks- the Ottomans- established a Muslim empire in Turkey. “The Ottoman Empire” 1299- 1922. They became a trading and military power in Southwest Asia, North Africa and Southeastern Europe. Süleyman the Magnificent

9. For a time, the Ottoman Empire was center of learning and education. As Europe came out of the Dark Ages, the Ottoman Empire began to decline in power. The Ottoman Empire was broken up after World War 1.

10. The Modern Middle East After World War 1, the allies took over most of the former Ottoman Empire. The Treaty of Lausanne (1923) created the final borders for most of the countries today. Britain controlled Palestine, Mesopotamia, and the Arabian Peninsula. France controlled Syria and Lebanon.

11. Trouble There were many revolts by the Syrians against France. In Lebanon, Christians were fighting with Muslims.

12. The Ottomans During WWI the Ottomans were defeated by the Allied Powers. Kemal Ataturk became the first president of the new country, Turkey. –Kemal Ataturk: Military hero Initiated many political and social reforms Brought Turkey into the same light as other European nations

13. The Kurdish people had no country. They are the largest ethnic group without their own country. There was also conflict in Palestine between Jews and Muslims.

14. Kemal Ataturk saved Turkey from being destroyed. He set out to change the rules that had held Turkey back. He westernized Turkey and changed the country from being Islamic to being secular. In 1923, Turkey became a republic. Kemal was given the last name Ataturk, meaning “Father of the Turks”.