1. Historical Timeline 1520-1600 Sack of Rome in 1527 - unpaid army of the Holy Roman Empire defeats the French Troops in Rome - loot and pillage to seek restitution Protestant Reformation - heresy in Italy - no longer look to perfection as depicted in High Renaissance art Counter Reformation - Council of Trent - sets the Jesuits as the teachers of the Catholic faith - they see art as a teaching tool Patronage and Artistic Life First painting academy established by Cosimo I of Florence - to educate artists Mannerists did feel the need to change the structure - continued to paint for patrons Andrea Palladio writes The Four Books on Architecture, which become the standard ART HISTORY STUDY GUIDE: Ch. 22 Mannerism Key Ideas: Deliberate intellectual Compositionally = tension, ambiguous space, artifice, distorted figures, complex allegorical interpretations Architecture - classical elements in a new way that defies traditional architectural formulas

2. ART HISTORY STUDY GUIDE: Chapter ____________________ Innovations in Painting Ambiguous space and unusual lighting Perspective as illusion Allow the eye to wander all over the picture plane Still life as artistic subject starts to appear - considered the lowest form of painting Genre paintings - scenes of everyday life Artifice is most endearing quality Courtly S shape to the figures - figura serpentinata Contrived settings, forms exaggerated, obscure imagery and symbolic enigmas

3. Innovations in Architecture Reuse of classical elements independent of their original function Palazzo del Te - villa Il Gesu - church Villa Rontonda - four identical facades San Giorgio Maggiore - two temple facades intersect Innovations in Sculpture Freed from frontal orientation Spiraling compositions Elongation of the figures Intermeshing of body parts Negative space important Crowded compositions ART HISTORY STUDY GUIDE: Chapter ____________________ Major Artistic Characteristics: Tension between the ideal, the natural and symmetrical against the real, the artificial and the unbalanced

4. Vocabulary Arcadian Canvas Chiaroscuro Cinquecento Glazes Martyrium Sacra Conversazione Sfumato Genre painting Still life Villa Chateau Cartoon Intonaco Giornate Mannerism Figura Serpentinata Names to Know Michelangelo Leonardo da Vinci Bramante Raphael Titian Images to Know Painting - Renaissance Vitruvian Man/da Vinci The Last Supper/da Vinci Mona Lisa/da Vinci Madonna of the Rocks/da Vinci Sistine Chapel Ceiling/Michelangelo Creation of Adam from the Sistine Chapel/Michelangelo Last Judgment/Michelangelo School of Athens/Raphael Madonna in the Meadow/Raphael Marriage of the Virgin/Raphael San Zaccaria Altarpiece/Bellini Assumption of the Virgin/Titian The Feast of the Gods/Giorgione/Titian Pieta/Titian/Giovane Madonna of the Pesaro Family/Titian Venus of Urbino/Titian Painting - Mannerism Entombment/Pontormo Assumption of the Virgin/Correggio Madonna of the Long Neck/Parmigianino Self Portrait in a Convex Mirror/Parmigianino Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time/Bronzino The Last Supper/Tintoretto Portrait of the Artist’s Sisters and Brother/Anguissola Sculpture - Renaissance Pieta/Michelangelo David/Michelangelo Moses/Michelangelo Unfinished Pieta/Michelangelo Sculpture - Mannerism Saltcellar of Francis I/Cellini Abduction of the Sabine Women/Bologna ART HISTORY STUDY GUIDE: Chapter 22 - High Ren/Mannerism - Italy - 16 th C.