1. BREAK THE VICIOUS CIRCLE OF DISASTERS: FROM LIVING IN RISK TO LIVING WITH RISK Post Disaster Needs Assessment - PDNA What is it? Why do we need it? What does it aim at doing? How can we see if it is feasible?

2. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata2 PDNA The increasing concern on properly assessing human/social needs: the human faces of post-conflict and post disaster pose more than a methodological challenge

3. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata3 PDNA The PDNA 1. A process, a framework for coordination and cooperation and a tool for integrated post disaster assessment 2. ECLAC’s experience: an analytical tool to determine damage and losses 3. A systemic, integrated approach that moves from early to longer term needs to recovery and reconstruction 4. An cooperative effort that encompasses the UN system’s agencies knowledge and experience 5. The specific need of post disaster early recovery needs assessment. How response can lead to resilience and sustainability 6. A tool for increased capacity to respond at the country level: Government capacity building and strengthening pre-disaster recovery preparation Government capacity building and strengthening pre-disaster recovery preparation International donors, financial institutions and UN country team’s pre-positioning to ensure prompt coordinated action International donors, financial institutions and UN country team’s pre-positioning to ensure prompt coordinated action

4. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata4 PDNA Synergies are starting to happen Collaboration in the field: REDLAC, UNETT Collaboration in the field: REDLAC, UNETT Concrete examples of collaboration: Concrete examples of collaboration:  ILO/FAO development of a livelihood assessment methodology that fits into a PDNA process  UN-HABITAT development of a rapid needs assessment  Try/rehearseal of developing methodologies in a specicif case: the Bolivia El Niño 2007 assessment  Synergy with IFIs (IDB in LAC, WB ongoing work and framework for WB/UN joint post-disaster assessment)

5. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata5 PDNA PDNA for Recovery (visit the google group) This development of a PDNA is seen as a three-staged process: - A stocktaking exercise (being completed at present) - Analysis of the similarities, potential overlapping and gaps (as derived from stocktaking exercise) - Proposal of guidelines and tools for their harmonization and application in a way that avoids duplication and proposes integrated assessment (to be completed by July 2007)

6. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata6 PDNA The current products of the PDNA PDNA Project Deliverables PDNA Project Deliverables Review of post disaster recovery needs assessment methodologies (Deliverable 1) Review of post disaster recovery needs assessment methodologies (Deliverable 1) PDNA Review of needs assessment_ joint draft 2_CB and SK.doc PDNA Review of needs assessment_ joint draft 2_CB and SK.doc PDNA Review of needs assessment_ joint draft 2_CB and SK.doc PDNA Review of needs assessment_ joint draft 2_CB and SK.doc Annex 4 Table of multisectoral methodologies_Draft 2.xls Annex 4 Table of multisectoral methodologies_Draft 2.xls Annex 4 Table of multisectoral methodologies_Draft 2.xls Annex 4 Table of multisectoral methodologies_Draft 2.xls prepared by Christina Bollin and Shivani Khanna. The review includes methodologies and tools used by different stakeholders (governments, UN agencies, INGOs, NGOs, etc), especially during recent disasters in Asia and Latin America. Representative rather than exhaustive, it maps a number of existing and emerging recovery assessment methodologies. It goes on to review experiences, lessons, gaps and trends related to their use and development. These are translated into recommendations for the development of the PDNA guide. prepared by Christina Bollin and Shivani Khanna. The review includes methodologies and tools used by different stakeholders (governments, UN agencies, INGOs, NGOs, etc), especially during recent disasters in Asia and Latin America. Representative rather than exhaustive, it maps a number of existing and emerging recovery assessment methodologies. It goes on to review experiences, lessons, gaps and trends related to their use and development. These are translated into recommendations for the development of the PDNA guide. Practical guide to engendering post disaster needs assessment (Deliverable 2) Practical guide to engendering post disaster needs assessment (Deliverable 2) EngenderPDNArev1.doc EngenderPDNArev1.doc EngenderPDNArev1.doc prepared by Savitri Bisnath. The guide is intended to inform the development of the main PDNA guide (deliverable 2) and ensure that the PDNA adequately addresses specific and differential needs and priorities of women and girls as well as men and boys from marginalized communities prepared by Savitri Bisnath. The guide is intended to inform the development of the main PDNA guide (deliverable 2) and ensure that the PDNA adequately addresses specific and differential needs and priorities of women and girls as well as men and boys from marginalized communities Guide for Post Disaster Needs Assessment (deliverable 2) Guide for Post Disaster Needs Assessment (deliverable 2) PDNA PRELIM VERSIONrevrzm.doc PDNA PRELIM VERSIONrevrzm.docPDNA PRELIM VERSIONrevrzm.docPDNA PRELIM VERSIONrevrzm.doc prepared by Ricardo Zapata. Deliverable 2 is the centre-piece of the PDNA project and is intended as a practical guide to a coordinated post disaster needs assessment for recovery process from the collection of data on damage and losses; through a consultative process to arrive at a shared conclusion with regard to early as well as longer term recovery needs; to actionable recommendations for programming and resource mobilization. While the current draft gives much attention to the “what” of a PDNA, it is agreed with ECLAC that the “how to” will need much further development in accordance with the objectives of the first phase of the PDNA project prepared by Ricardo Zapata. Deliverable 2 is the centre-piece of the PDNA project and is intended as a practical guide to a coordinated post disaster needs assessment for recovery process from the collection of data on damage and losses; through a consultative process to arrive at a shared conclusion with regard to early as well as longer term recovery needs; to actionable recommendations for programming and resource mobilization. While the current draft gives much attention to the “what” of a PDNA, it is agreed with ECLAC that the “how to” will need much further development in accordance with the objectives of the first phase of the PDNA project Damage and Loss Assessments / Information Management Component Guides and Toolkit (Deliverable 3): Damage and Loss Assessments / Information Management Component Guides and Toolkit (Deliverable 3): Identification of existing damage and losses information and data management practices Identification of existing damage and losses information and data management practices Identification of existing damage and losses information and data management practices Identification of existing damage and losses information and data management practices Practical implementation strategy of IM tools as required for PDNA Practical implementation strategy of IM tools as required for PDNA Practical implementation strategy of IM tools as required for PDNA Practical implementation strategy of IM tools as required for PDNA Information requirements for damage and loss assessments Information requirements for damage and loss assessments Information requirements for damage and loss assessments Information requirements for damage and loss assessments Presentation: PDNA-Information Management Toolkit Presentation: PDNA-Information Management Toolkit Presentation: PDNA-Information Management Toolkit Presentation: PDNA-Information Management Toolkit Prepared by Julio Serje identification of existing damage and losses information and data management practices; information requirements for damage and loss assessments; and practical implementation of tools as required for a PDNA. Together with two information management tools under development, these reports represent deliverable 3 of the first phase of the PDNA project. Prepared by Julio Serje identification of existing damage and losses information and data management practices; information requirements for damage and loss assessments; and practical implementation of tools as required for a PDNA. Together with two information management tools under development, these reports represent deliverable 3 of the first phase of the PDNA project.

7. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata7 PDNA Why a Post-disaster recovery needs assessment process? 1. Not a new methodology: building on existing tools and knowledge 2. Promote coherence, consistency and appropriate response that leads to recovery 3. Insert in a systemic risk management process as part of development agenda 4. Allow transition from emergency to recovery, recuperation and reconstruction 5. Similar in content to PCNA, to launch joint concerted assessment process 6. CAPACITY BUILDING: at the national level within governmental institutions and to the UN country team to enable pre-disaster response capabilities

8. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata8 PDNA Why a Post-disaster recovery needs assessment process? Objectives of the Early Recovery Needs Assessment Identify priority programme interventions that facilitate early recovery and transition, with involvement of different stakeholders in a rapid, coordinated manner. Identify priority programme interventions that facilitate early recovery and transition, with involvement of different stakeholders in a rapid, coordinated manner. Assess key vulnerabilities and identify how these will be strategically addressed over the short to medium post disaster. Assess key vulnerabilities and identify how these will be strategically addressed over the short to medium post disaster. Identify and anticipate spontaneous early recovery efforts and devise strategies to accelerate and strengthen local capacities to support these. Identify and anticipate spontaneous early recovery efforts and devise strategies to accelerate and strengthen local capacities to support these. It is important to get as complete a picture as possible of the early recovery needs of the different socio-economic, gender, age and minority groups. It is important to get as complete a picture as possible of the early recovery needs of the different socio-economic, gender, age and minority groups. Promote joint capacities and incorporate existing DANAs beyond the emergency through integrated approach and pre-response agreement on cooperation Promote joint capacities and incorporate existing DANAs beyond the emergency through integrated approach and pre-response agreement on cooperation

9. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata9 PDNA NATURAL PHENOMENA (HAZARD) HUMAN ACTIONS (VULNERABILITY) ENVIRONMENTCHANGE(RISK)

10. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata10 PDNA * Avoid improvisation LEVEL OF RISK AND ENSUING NEGATIVE IMPACT IS REDUCED POST-DISASTER RESPONSE COOPERATION AND SYNERGIES TO ACCELERATE RECOVERY DOCUMENT AND VALUE NEEDS AND RESPONSE PLAN RECONSTRUCITON TO INCREASE RESILIENCE AND REDUCE VULNERABILITY EXPERIENCE IS NOT FORGOTTEN AND EXPERIENCE LEADS TO MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION BREAK THE VICIOUS CIRCLE OF DISASTERS Adapted from Mora, “El impacto de los desastres, aspectos sociales, políticos económicos, ambientales y su relación con el desarrollo de nuestros países (BID/IADB, 1999) DISASTER

11. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata11 PDNA PCNA and PDNA Overlap and complementarities The difference lies in the root causes of the crisis in a post disaster and a post crisis scenario

12. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata12 PDNA An additional deficit is created from the pre-existing gap between the prevalent situation vis-à-vis the development goals and the emerging recovery objectives. NewGap

13. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata13 PDNA The “Ocean of Needs” (illustrated by the health sector)

14. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata14 PDNA Consensus, negotiated goals The Post Conflict process moves from agreed objectives to quantification of damages and needs to obtain results predefined in results framework The Post Disaster process requires an assessment of damages, losses and needs to define a recovery/reconstruction strategy to be framed in a results oriented framework

15. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata15 PDNA Risk Assessment Policy strategies Poverty reduction DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT Economic assessment RESOURCEMOBILIZATION Macroeconom i c equilibria IMF commitments Millennium Development Goals National planning The complex link between disasters, poverty and development

16. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata16 PDNA HUMANHealthEducationLivelihoods Housing and shelter Cultural identity NATURE / ENVIRONMENT Clean water, wage disposal and sanitation Clean air Biodiversity and integrity of ecosystems Climate variability and change PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE Quality and resilience of human built environment (settlements and rural/urban planning) Transport and communications, energy and other basic lifelines Productive infrastructure Other built infrastructure (public services, government buildings) SOCIAL Social capital and social networks (solidarity and equity) Family ties, gender perspective and extended family networks and links Violence, security and rights POLITICALGovernanceTransparency Participation, inclusion and political rights Access to information FINANCIAL Access to credit Land tenure, legal rights Compensatory mechanisms and funds Insurance and financial protection

17. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata17 PDNA The terminology issues Recovery and reconstruction: two parts of one process or one encompasses the other? Recovery and reconstruction: two parts of one process or one encompasses the other? Recovery and reconstruction are misnomers for the aspiration to use disaster as opportunity to move forward the development agenda Recovery and reconstruction are misnomers for the aspiration to use disaster as opportunity to move forward the development agenda Build back better: resilience as part of the recovery and reconstruction (adaptation and mitigation) Build back better: resilience as part of the recovery and reconstruction (adaptation and mitigation) Any post disaster scenario leads to a different place: whether deliberate or involuntary disasters lead to a different place (the hysteresis effect) Any post disaster scenario leads to a different place: whether deliberate or involuntary disasters lead to a different place (the hysteresis effect)

18. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata18 PDNA Resilience: bend and not brake, strong but flexible for DRR Adaptation Adaptation  Build resilience in the recovery and reconstruction process Mitigation Mitigation  Reduce negative impact in response and recovery The “do no harm” principle for interventions

19. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata19 PDNA Hysteresis: you never bounce back to where you were before The mathematical theory of systems with hysteresis is a chapter of nonlinear analysis. While based on physical ideas, it also extends them to abstract science, enabling the analysis to be of quite general character. The mathematical theory of systems with hysteresis is a chapter of nonlinear analysis. While based on physical ideas, it also extends them to abstract science, enabling the analysis to be of quite general character. Hysteresis is a strongly nonlinear phenomenon which occur in many industrial, physical and economic systems. Hysteresis is a strongly nonlinear phenomenon which occur in many industrial, physical and economic systems. System with hysteresis exhibits path- dependence. If a system has hysteresis, we can't predict the output without looking at the history of the input. In order to predict the output, we must look at the path that the input followed before it reached its current value. A system with hysteresis has memory. System with hysteresis exhibits path- dependence. If a system has hysteresis, we can't predict the output without looking at the history of the input. In order to predict the output, we must look at the path that the input followed before it reached its current value. A system with hysteresis has memory. memory Economic agents, because of fixed or sunk costs of adjustment, adjust discontinuously to changes in state variables and have different trigger points for adjustment. Economic agents, because of fixed or sunk costs of adjustment, adjust discontinuously to changes in state variables and have different trigger points for adjustment.

20. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata20 PDNA Superposing Losses, Economic Recovery and Reconstruction Effects on GDP Growth GrowthGap

21. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata21 PDNA MITCH EARTHQUAKE DROUGHT STAN

22. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata22 PDNA Impact of disasters on GDP: State of Gujarat, India

23. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata23 PDNA The Timing of Disaster Effects: a reminder Time, months Damage Losses 5 yrs Full Reconstruction and Economic Recovery Recovery needs (fill the gap from immediate response to recovery in order to reduce losses) Emergency needs

24. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata24 PDNA the PDNA “framework” BeforeDuring Beyond collection of data analysis

25. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata25 PDNA the PDNA “framework” BeforeDuring Beyond collection of data analysis results framework 3) 1) 2)

26. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata26 PDNA Reconstruction Development Development EMERGENCY NEEDS EARLY RECOVERY NEEDS RECOVERY (FRAMEWORK) NEEDS RECONSTRUCTION – BACK TO DEVELOPMENT NEEDS BeforeAfter Data PlansandProgrammes (UNDAF, CAS) Emergency Response Post Disaster Recovery Needs Assessment Quick and dirty (Flash appeal) 3-7 days Local level Area based CommunityDriven 2 weeks RecoveryFramework(DonorsConference) 1 month ReconstructionStrategy (IFIs working Group) 2-3 months Recovery needs (fill the gap from immediate response to reconstruction in order to reduce losses)

27. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata27 PDNA The road to a common framework A framework for an integrated, non duplicative synergic assessment of disaster impacts is proposed that takes into account: A framework for an integrated, non duplicative synergic assessment of disaster impacts is proposed that takes into account:  The overlapping phases in disasters  The cross cutting impact of damage, losses and needs  The synergic approach by building from sector and local impacts  The connection between PCNA and PDNA: differences and parallelisms  Proposals for a better PD response are to include: National capacity enhancement National capacity enhancement International response coordination International response coordination  Linkage of PDNA and national/international development goals  How, when and where to apply a PDNA involves clear notions of. Timeframe Timeframe Local capacities Local capacities External interventions External interventions

28. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata28 PDNA Timeline Analysis: diverse but compatible, additionality and complementarity (synergic) The PDNA “framework” BeforeDuring Beyond Collection of data: compatibility, comparability, transitability (multi use) ResultsFramework: Diverse actionalble proposals but coherent, strategically consistent as “back to development” process 3) 1) 2) Common objectives, diverse tools and proposals, leading to coherent integrated strategy leading to coherent integrated strategy

29. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata29 PDNA DANA/ UNDA C- OCHA UNEP Disaster relief and recovery needs loss PHYSICAL DAMAGE loss Coping Capacity Need FAO / ILO LAT VALUATION “TRUNK” Loss and need assessment “branches” WFP PDNA WHO UN HABITAT Integrated PDNA framework/mosaic decision tree (from DALA to Recovery NAFs) loss Coping

30. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata30 PDNA Trunk of commonalities, branches allow for integrated mosaic of interventions (from DALA to Recovery NAFs) Common trunk DAMAGE QUANTIFICATION Needs Recovery LOSSES NeedsNeedsNeedsNeeds Recovery RecoveryRecovery Recovery Reconstruction Reconstruction LOSSESLOSSESLOSSESLOSSES DISASTER PRICING

31. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata31 PDNA Existing Needs assessments in the context of humanitarian response and Recovery MethodologiesEmergencyEarly Recovery Longer term Reconstruction Sectoral Cross-sectoral National Driven Regional Community focused ECLAC MRA UNICEF EDAN USAID NAF OCHA PDNA Bangladesh DANA Vietnam REDLAC CDADA Emerg. Assest IFRC FAO/ILO ILIA EFSA WFP NAER Pakistan RHA WHO UNDAC INEE Standards

32. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata32 PDNA A “Cartesian perspective”: the axis to put needs in perspective EMERGENCY – RESPONSE – RECOVERY – REHABILIATION - RECONSTRUCTION HORIZONTALLY: data collection, information management that leads to multi-tiered analysis from emergency through reconstruction CROSS CUTTING, INCLUSIVE OF SECTORS’S EXPERTISE AND INSTITUTIONS Existing or developing sector methodologies (shelter, food security, WASH, livelihoods, environment, etc.)

33. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata33 PDNA FROM LOCAL TO REGIONAL–NATIONAL- INTERNATIONA L INTERNATIONA L DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENTRECONSTRUCTION RECOVERY NEEDS PRE-EXISTING RISK CONDITIONSBASELINE

34. PRE DISASTER (from early warning to immediate coping) EMERGENCY AND HUMANTIARIAN RESPONSE (immediate) RECOVERY PHASE (immediate or early to short term) RECONSTRUCTION PHASE (short to long term) DEVELOPMENT AGENDA Base line data Statistical offices, economic and social indicators Disaster management agencies, OCHA, IFRC, local Red Cross/Crescent, NGOs, bilateral donors (OFDA, ECHO, etc.) Internationally agreed standards, rights of entitlements, national standards and practices · Economic, technical and sector capacities, financing needs and gaps HDI, MDGs, Country ’ s development strategy, CAS, UNDAF, etc. Risk and vulnerability assessments Meteorological and geographic hazard mapping (national, regional, international sources), GIS, remote sensing, statistical series, etc. Existing response plans, resources, capacities, communities at risk, etc. Hotspots, GRIP (as information provider) Community based, NGOs, local government, social development government offices, UN Agencies Risk assessment and risk reduction as part of development agenda Disaster damage and losses data Preparedness: prepositioned shelters, supplies, evacuation and response plans, etc. Emergency relief information (affected population, mortality/morbidity, shelters, wat/san, nutrition, health, etc.) Damage and loss assessment Financial ministries, international financial institutions, donors and NGOs (consultative groups, donor conferences, etc.) Planning ministries, inline ministries, UNDP, IFIs, donors and NGOs Needs assessment Improved preparedness, early warning, organization and training, capacity building Community based, NGOs, local government, social development government offices, UN Agencies Needs identified at sectoral and at local level Reconstruction needs based on dialogue /negotiation with affected community / population / geographical or political unit / countrywide Improved resilience, risk reduction, transfer and inclusion of risk appropriation to development framework Strategic planning recovery and Reconstruction framework HDI, MDGs, Country ’ s development strategy, CAS, etc. Early warning systems, contingency and preparedness plans and funds Development of programmes, projects and actions Implementation, monitoring, evaluation and re- assessment National development strategy or plan PDNA RISK REDUCTION MEASURES

35. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata35 PDNA A central cross cutting aspect: the gender perspective PDNA will deliberately and specifically include a gender perspective on at least three levels: PDNA will deliberately and specifically include a gender perspective on at least three levels:  (i) sex disaggregated (along with age and ethnic identity) information from the base line to the emergency and recovery needs steps,  (ii) identify gender specific losses as derived from the damage (identifying both the ownership and use of assets in a sex disaggregated analysis); and  (iii) identify the different roles played by men and women, particularly during the emergency and early recovery, and the mechanisms through which those roles facilitate women's more proactive participation and empowerment, and the ways in which they can be strengthened.

36. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata36 PDNA The PDNA should be seen as a process it covers a gap between existing instruments in the humanitarian and the reconstruction/development areas; it covers a gap between existing instruments in the humanitarian and the reconstruction/development areas; it is intended to create a common framework around already existing sectoral, or partial scope methodologies; it is intended to create a common framework around already existing sectoral, or partial scope methodologies; it should also identify and cover gaps related to assessment of early and longer term recovery requirements; it should also identify and cover gaps related to assessment of early and longer term recovery requirements; it should support assessment over the timeline of a disaster response, including providing an overview of early recovery requirements in the first days after impact, followed by more in-depth assessment at community or district level and later, support the development of a national strategy linking to reconstruction and financing methodology; it should support assessment over the timeline of a disaster response, including providing an overview of early recovery requirements in the first days after impact, followed by more in-depth assessment at community or district level and later, support the development of a national strategy linking to reconstruction and financing methodology; Recognize the central role of governments for post disaster recovery needs assessment and planning, for which the PDNA should also function as a capacity building tool – ideally to be internalized in pre-disaster planning and capacity development in high risk disaster prone countries. Recognize the central role of governments for post disaster recovery needs assessment and planning, for which the PDNA should also function as a capacity building tool – ideally to be internalized in pre-disaster planning and capacity development in high risk disaster prone countries. Not unlike the PCNA in its aims, it addresses different root causes that lead to crisis and elicit interventions to respond both in humanitarian and development terms. Not unlike the PCNA in its aims, it addresses different root causes that lead to crisis and elicit interventions to respond both in humanitarian and development terms. It is to be linked and “frame” ongoing efforts (at cluster´s level, as part of the IRP, as part of the UNDP´s role in the Early Recovery cluster) It is to be linked and “frame” ongoing efforts (at cluster´s level, as part of the IRP, as part of the UNDP´s role in the Early Recovery cluster)

37. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata37 PDNA A framework A framework for an integrated, non duplicative synergic assessment of disaster impacts is proposed that takes into account: A framework for an integrated, non duplicative synergic assessment of disaster impacts is proposed that takes into account:  The overlapping phases in disasters  The cross cutting impact of damage, losses and needs  The synergic approach by building from sector and local impacts  The connection between PCNA and PDNA: differences and parallelisms  Proposals for a better PD response are to include: National capacity enhancement National capacity enhancement International response coordination International response coordination  Linkage of PDNA and national/international development goals  How, when and where to apply a PDNA involves clear notions of. Timeframe Timeframe Local capacities Local capacities External interventions External interventions

38. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata38 PDNA Post-disaster: early recovery phase COORDINATION WITH NATIONAL/LOCAL AUTHORITIES 10. Needs assessment – relief and response – Analysis and recommendation of relevant counter measures Illustrative tools: OCHA situation reports; SPHERE Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards TIMEFRAME: FIRST 24 HOURS 2. Research – Identification of guiding authorities for post-disaster needs assessment (all phases) Illustrative authorities: Chambers and Conway “Sustainable Livelihoods: Practical Concepts for the 21st Century” ; Australian Standard AS/NZS 4360:2004 Risk Management. TIMEFRAME: ONGOING ACTIVITY 4. Tool and system development / inventory – Design, testing and inventory of systems and tools for steps 7 to19 across all clusters TIMEFRAME: ONGOING ACTIVITY Needs Assessment Process for Humanitarian Disasters (UN HABITAT) 3. Quality control – Development and dissemination of standards for post-disaster needs assessment tools and systems Examples: agreed indicators; agreed timelines; agreed information flow; agreed terminology TIMEFRAME: ONGOING ACTIVITY 7. Alerting – Production and dissemination of alerts regarding actual or possible humanitarian disasters (severity, exposure, vulnerability) Illustrative systems: Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System – Provides near real-time alerts about natural disasters around the world HEWS – Provider of analysis of possible occurrence of disasters TIMEFRAME: FIRST 12 HOURS 8. Technical loss estimation – Production and dissemination of technical estimates of hazard severity Illustrative authority: WAPMERR – Provides loss estimates for M6 earthquakes in populated areas TIMEFRAME: FIRST HOURS 6. Training, exercises and awareness – Design and conduct of programming for persons completing and receiving post-disaster needs assessments as well as appeal documents TIMEFRAME:ONGOING ACTIVITY 9. Information flow – Facilitation of the flow of operational information Illustrative systems: OCHA-OSOCC; OCHA- ReliefWeb; GLIDE ; UNOSAT –Provider and coordinator of disaster satellite images and maps TIMEFRAME: FIRST 12 HOURS Pre-disaster: development phase IN COORDINATION WITH NATIONAL/LOCAL AUTHORITIES Disaster: relief and response phase IN COORDINATION WITH NATIONAL/LOCAL AUTHORITIES 13. Early recovery planning – Development of plans to implement early recovery counter measures 14. Flash Appeal – Production and issuance of a flash appeal 15. Early recovery operations – Implementation of early recovery plans based on the response to the flash appeal TIMEFRAME: 72 HOURS TO 2 WEEKS 5. Base-line data pre- loading – Identification of baseline data sources and pre-loading tools and systems Illustrative sources: UN Millennium Development Indicators; UNDP Human Development index; ECHO Vulnerability and Crisis Index TIMEFRAME: ONGOING ACTIVITY 16. Needs assessment – recovery – Analysis and recommendation of counter measures to restore or improve pre-disaster development outcomes Illustrative tools: ECLAC Handbook for Estimating the Socio-Economic and Environmental Effects of Disasters; GTZ, UNDP, World Bank, UNDG Practical Guide to Multilateral Needs Assessments in Post-Conflict Situations Post-disaster: recovery phase (rehabilitation and reconstruction) IN COORDINATION WITH NATIONAL/LOCAL AUTHORITIES 11. Relief and response planning – Development of plans to implement relief and response counter measures TIMEFRAME: FIRST 48 HOURS 1. Development reports – Ongoing monitoring of development in countries which have/may confront disasters Illustrative authorities, systems and tools: UN Millennium Development Indicators; UNDP Human Development Index; ECHO Vulnerability and Crisis Index TIMEFRAME: ONGOING ACTIVITY 12. Needs assessment – early recovery – Analysis and recommendation of relevant counter measures Illustrative authorities, systems and tools: Immediate Shelter Impact Assessment; Immediate Livelihood Impact Assessment; Methodology Rapid Assessment for Humanitarian Assistance 17. Recovery planning – Development of plans to implement recovery (rehabilitation and reconstruction) counter measures 18. Donor Conference – Conduct of a donor conference 19. Project Management – Implementation and monitoring of recovery plans based on response to donor conference TIMEFRAME: 3 WEEKS ONWARDS Repeat from Step 1

39. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata39 PDNA ILO – FAO LIVELIHOOD ASSESSMENT SEQUENCE

40. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata40 PDNA The Assessment Cycle, according to the IFRC Guidelines for Emergency Assessment (2005)

41. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata41 PDNA The Needs Analysis Framework (NAF) was developed by the IASC CAP Cluster Working Group and the UN OCHA, to ‘strengthen the analysis and presentation of humanitarian needs in the Consolidated Appeals Process.’

42. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata42 PDNA INFRA STRUCTURE - NEEDS ASSESSMENT OTHER ISSUES ASSESSMENT – GOVERNANCE OTHER ASSESSMENT – CULTURAL IMPACT, OTHER CROSS CUTTING – ENVIRONMENT (UNEP) LIVELIHOOD ASSESSMENT - (FAO-ILO) SECTORAL ASSESSMENT WHO – Health needs NUTRITION ASSESSMENT – WFP-FAO WFP-FAO The Post Disaster process requires an assessment of damages, losses and needs to define a recovery/reconstruction strategy to be framed in a results oriented framework DISASTER Consensus, negotiated goals

43. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata43 PDNA Recovery results PDNA matrix PDNA assessment (fed and enriched by other assessments) Emergency to early recovery needs Intermediate recovery needs Reconstruction needs Increased resilience Mitigation and prevention integrated into development goals Assessments Sectoral or partial scope inputs (may follow cluster scheme, to be defined in each particular case Ensure "delivery" of emergency actions to recovery interventions Define time lag for reconstruction and full recovery and undertake interim "normalization" interventions As a result of DALA and NA to define overall impact to be overcome Adaptation needs based on vulnerability and multi-hazard analysis determine recovery / reconstruction requirements to be adopted Changes in development plans at national, local and sectoral level to incorporate disaster risk reduction in overall strategy (CAS, CAP, UNDAF, etc.) Cross cutting issues (gender, environment, governance) Determine impact of emergency response and compensate Intermediate actions to facilitate recovery cognisant of differentiated needs of women and men, respecting cultural and ethnic differences and not further affecting habitats and the environment Medium to long term programmes and projects to incorporate cross cutting dimensions Development strategies to incorporate cross cutting dimensions and respect gender, cultural, ethnic and environmental specifities

44. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata44 PDNA Recovery results PDNA matrix PDNA assessment (fed and enriched by other assessments) Emergency to early recovery needs Intermediate recovery needs Reconstruction needs Increased resilience Mitigation and prevention integrated into development goals Gaps identified (possible breakdown, may vary according to local needs or cluster approach used) Social aspects: health, sanitation, education and culture, housing, livelihoods, Nutrition or food security Gaps in the transition from emergency to recovery Gaps in the transition from recovery to reconstruction Gaps to achieve reconstruction (institutional, financial, resources, inputs and materials, including labor retraining) Incorporation of disaster risk reduction into social development goals Economic Aspects: Agriculture, industry, commerce, services, tourism, etc. Supply and demand constraints in the transition from emergency to recovery Alternative means of supply in the transition to recovery and reconstruction Time lag to achieve full recovery of economic activities (varies from sector to sector, given seasonality and market cycles) Changes in economic and production patterns required to overcome increased vulnerabilities caused by disaster Changes in economic and production patterns to incorporate (internalize vs externalize) disaster risk reduction Lifelines and basic infrastructure: energy, transport and communications, water supply, irrigation Supply and demand constraints in the transition from emergency to recovery Alternative means of supply in the transition to recovery and reconsstruction Time lag to achieve full recovery of supply and services (varies from sub sector to sub sector, given supply modalities and demand cycles) Changes in generation and supply patterns required to overcome increased vulnerabilities caused by disaster Incorporation of disaster risk reduction in the development of basic infrastructure Financial implications: national and local budget, international requirements, donations and public/private sector partnerships Immediate fund reallocation and transfers in the transition from emergency to recovery Programmatic reorientation and new allocation fo resources for the transition to recovery and reconstruction New, additional investment and reorientation of investment budget to allow for recovery and reconstruction funding (will include insurance payments, international resource mobilization and appeal t o donors) New, additional investment and reorientation of investment budget to improve resilience in reconstruction programmes and projects Incorporation of investment in disaster risk reduction as part of overall investment planning policy Institutional requirements and governance Ensure local and stakeholder involvement in transition to recovery, particularly when disaster affected government structure and disrupted affected community's social fabric Ensure local and stakeholder involvement in transition to recovery and reconstruction, by formalizing consultation and participatory processes Ensure local and stakeholder involvement in identifying vulnerabilities and hazards to be faced, by formalizing consultation and participatory processes Promote and expand formal consultation and participatory processes in the formulation of national development goals with a disaster risk reduction framework

45. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata45 PDNA Recovery results PDNA matrix PDNA assessment (fed and enriched by other assessments) Emergency to early recovery needs Intermediate recovery needs Reconstruction needs Increased resilience Mitigation and prevention integrated into development goals Governance and other issues Monitoring, auditing and evaluation Maintain open information and communication systems with stakeholders (affected/benefici aries, donors and relief providers, international community and media) Establish result indicators for recovery and reconstruction goals Establish resilience indicators to be attained in short, medium and long term Incorporate disaster risk reduction in development indicators (social, economic, human, environmental, infastructure and political)

46. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata46 PDNA WHAT IS PDNA INTENDED TO BE (built upon the experience of the ECLAC methodology): A tool for the socio-economic and environmental assessment of disasters A tool for the socio-economic and environmental assessment of disasters Multi-sectoral and multidisciplinary damage evaluation and quantification method for disaster affected sectors Multi-sectoral and multidisciplinary damage evaluation and quantification method for disaster affected sectors Standard sectoral procedures that allows comparability of results Standard sectoral procedures that allows comparability of results Instrument for the decision making process and for policy formulation as it identifies more severely affected sectors, geographical areas and vulnerable groups Instrument for the decision making process and for policy formulation as it identifies more severely affected sectors, geographical areas and vulnerable groups Conceptual improvement for measuring aspects not included in sectoral or partial and humanitarian needs assessments and quantify and express damages, losses and needs that arise after a disaster, assessing specific vulnerability (of social groups, such as women and the environment) Conceptual improvement for measuring aspects not included in sectoral or partial and humanitarian needs assessments and quantify and express damages, losses and needs that arise after a disaster, assessing specific vulnerability (of social groups, such as women and the environment)

47. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata47 PDNA WHAT SHOULD A PDNA DO: Allow projecting future performance of the affected economy/society/community in the short and medium term, and implement the necessary corrective policy measures Allow projecting future performance of the affected economy/society/community in the short and medium term, and implement the necessary corrective policy measures Allow to determine the State’s (government at all levels and society in general) capacity to face reconstruction tasks and determine needs for cooperation and international financing Allow to determine the State’s (government at all levels and society in general) capacity to face reconstruction tasks and determine needs for cooperation and international financing Facilitate training in damage valuation and formulation of mitigation strategies Facilitate training in damage valuation and formulation of mitigation strategies Involve affected population with relevant authorities and aid providers Involve affected population with relevant authorities and aid providers Put in evidence the systemic character of the development process and the interaction among sectors and stakeholders Put in evidence the systemic character of the development process and the interaction among sectors and stakeholders Harmonize, consolidate and coordinate tools, analysis and recommendations for programming and interventions among all stakeholders Harmonize, consolidate and coordinate tools, analysis and recommendations for programming and interventions among all stakeholders

48. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata48 PDNA How to do a PDNA The PDNA is envisaged as a “how to”, practical guide to conduct and coordinate three interlinked processes: The PDNA is envisaged as a “how to”, practical guide to conduct and coordinate three interlinked processes:  Collection of data on damage and losses and underlying factors that explain the disaster (both crucially relevant for recovery)  Consultation for the analysis of such data leading to integrated conclusions (in respect of recovery needs and capacities)  Proposing actionable recommendations for programming and resource mobilization and allocation (at the different stages)

49. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata49 PDNA Social Sectors Social Sectors  Housing  Health  Education, culture, sports Infrastructure Infrastructure  Transport and communications  Energy  Water and sewerage Productive sectors Productive sectors  Goods: agriculture, industry  Services: commerce, tourism, etc. Global impact Global impact  On the environment  Gender perspective  Employment and social conditions  Macroeconomic assessment SECTOR BY SECTOR VALUATION METHODOLOGY

50. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata50 PDNA

51. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata51 PDNA SCHEMATIC VIEW OF THE EVALUATION PROCESS

52. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata52 PDNA Common conceptual framework: Measuring the “delta” or disaster gap Pre-existing conditions (ex ante) Expected performance (without disaster) 3-5 years Disaster impact (ex post) 3-5 years The measure Of damage and losses Upon the pre-existing situation (sector by sector baselines) is aggregated into the national accounts and determines the resulting disaster-caused scenario, as the gap over the expected performance prior to the event. Several scenarios may be outlined, based on the assumptions made for the reconstruction process

53. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata53 PDNA Concepts to be agreed on and harmonized Damage (to assets) Impact on assets: Impact on assets: Infraestructure Infraestructure  Capital  Stocks  Ocurr inmediatelyduring or after the disaster Losses (Flows) Effects on Effects on  Production  Income  Yields  Livelihoods Perceived after the disaster for a period of time that may vary and includes additonal costs or expenditures by individuals, enterprises, government, communities till the recovery process is completed Perceived after the disaster for a period of time that may vary and includes additonal costs or expenditures by individuals, enterprises, government, communities till the recovery process is completed

54. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata54 PDNA Concepts to be agreed upon Needs (determined with the affected community and stakeholders) Impacto on assets and livelihoods Impacto on assets and livelihoods Determined in a participatory “negotiated” process where the recovery of the affected is “owned”, planned and executed by the stakeholders Determined in a participatory “negotiated” process where the recovery of the affected is “owned”, planned and executed by the stakeholders Recovery, reconstruction and resilience Risk reduction andd resilience Risk reduction andd resilience Mitigation, risk transfer and risk dispersion (sharing) Mitigation, risk transfer and risk dispersion (sharing) Strengthening response capacity (pre disaster recovery planning) Strengthening response capacity (pre disaster recovery planning) Early warning and prevention Early warning and prevention All to be incorporated in the “back to development path” : All to be incorporated in the “back to development path” :  “build back better” = B 3  ¨not build back” = B -2  ¨boost resilience for development = BRD

55. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata55 PDNA Differences between damage, losses and needs How they are registered and accounted for How they are registered and accounted for Damage and losses tend to be an economic / quantification of the (additional) gap generated by a disaster Damage and losses tend to be an economic / quantification of the (additional) gap generated by a disaster Needs spread over time, sectors and different socioeconomic and cultural groups (hence the need for engendering) Needs spread over time, sectors and different socioeconomic and cultural groups (hence the need for engendering)  From the emergency (shelters, immediate supplies, clothing, food, medicines) to  Early recovery to recovery and  Reconstruction needs (asset restitution and loss compensation) The proposal of a data management tool coordination and / or integration (allow delivery of results to successive stages) The proposal of a data management tool coordination and / or integration (allow delivery of results to successive stages)

56. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata56 PDNA CONSIDERATION OF REPLACEMENT COSTS OR VALUATION FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION Replacement value is assigned on “as is” basis: present value of assets including depreciation, tear and wear and level of maintenance or repair, actual replacement (at current costs of similar good), not reconstruction (improved, less risky, technologically upgraded, etc.) Replacement value is assigned on “as is” basis: present value of assets including depreciation, tear and wear and level of maintenance or repair, actual replacement (at current costs of similar good), not reconstruction (improved, less risky, technologically upgraded, etc.) In the productive sectors replacement costs imply in addition to the damage or destruction in assets (infrastructure, etc.) the losses in production (except stocks or stored products), income lost and production that will not be obtained due to the event, and investment that will have to be made to recuperate a similar production level to pre-hurricane levels. This preliminary estimate will vary in time, according to price fluctuations in the coming months, financial resources available and time-frame associated with investment maturity and natural growth of plants or restoration of plantation and cattle stock’s reproductive cycle in the case of agriculture. In the productive sectors replacement costs imply in addition to the damage or destruction in assets (infrastructure, etc.) the losses in production (except stocks or stored products), income lost and production that will not be obtained due to the event, and investment that will have to be made to recuperate a similar production level to pre-hurricane levels. This preliminary estimate will vary in time, according to price fluctuations in the coming months, financial resources available and time-frame associated with investment maturity and natural growth of plants or restoration of plantation and cattle stock’s reproductive cycle in the case of agriculture.

57. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata57 PDNA From replacement to resilience In household replacement costs imply restoration of housing (rebuilding, repair, etc.) in addition to land development when resettlement is warranted, as well as rental increases, income losses and household contents. Livelihood losses associated with house- located or home-made goods and services are an additional element to be considered in the total losses. In household replacement costs imply restoration of housing (rebuilding, repair, etc.) in addition to land development when resettlement is warranted, as well as rental increases, income losses and household contents. Livelihood losses associated with house- located or home-made goods and services are an additional element to be considered in the total losses. Determine from the identification of needs (as assessed at the local level and strengthening the social impacts of disaster) the actual resources required, both for budgetary considerations and to appeal for external, additional cooperation and necessary technical cooperation to reduce risk and promote resilient sustainable recovery processes Determine from the identification of needs (as assessed at the local level and strengthening the social impacts of disaster) the actual resources required, both for budgetary considerations and to appeal for external, additional cooperation and necessary technical cooperation to reduce risk and promote resilient sustainable recovery processes

58. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata58 PDNA Steps for a PDNA Include PDNA in pre-disaster planning  Support the government in establishing the necessary institutional mechanisms  Among the UN agencies and with the national government agree on PDNA relevant concepts and establish responsibilities and mechanisms for the recovery phase  Capacity building on PDNA concepts and methodologies for governmental, UN and other relevant stakeholders’ staff Necessary steps before a PDNA process / coordinated assessment  Ascertain the government’s interest and specific motivation for the assessment (recovery and reconstruction planning / mobilization of external assistance)  On the basis of existing information (government’s request and sources, Reliefweb, internet data) determine the exact type, extent and sectoral composition of disaster.  Contact relevant international stakeholders (UNDP and Resident Coordinator, IFIs in the country) and determine their involvement in the assessment and their potential contribution in terms of technical, logistical and financial capabilities to conduct it, ascertaining their capabilities to undertake the PDNA with none, limited or full support from an outside team.  Determine what external expertise is necessary and identify a potential coordinator for the assessment Conduct a thorough inventory and collect all necessary baseline data determining which of the encountered information is to serve as standard (for example what are the political/administrative boundaries to be used, population data to be taken as baseline, etc.). Initial preliminary mission (fact-finding, programming mission, may be substituted by a good video or teleconference with appropriate stakeholders, national counterparts and potential partners).

59. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata59 PDNA The end-results of a PDNA In terms of information: coherent, harmonized, validated,usable data sets in an accessible platform In terms of information: coherent, harmonized, validated,usable data sets in an accessible platform In terms of analysis: allow sectoral, partial scope analysis to flow into an integrated perspective that gives the “full” picture In terms of analysis: allow sectoral, partial scope analysis to flow into an integrated perspective that gives the “full” picture In terms of programmable actions: frame sectoral and partial scope proposals in a coherent recovery framework that leads to risk reduction and back to resilient, sustainable development In terms of programmable actions: frame sectoral and partial scope proposals in a coherent recovery framework that leads to risk reduction and back to resilient, sustainable development

60. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata60 PDNA Where are we now?: the scoping and stock taking conclusions and recommendations The stock-taking and scoping exercise on existing tools and methodologies The stock-taking and scoping exercise on existing tools and methodologies The wording and timing referring to the different post-disaster phases are not homogeneous. The wording and timing referring to the different post-disaster phases are not homogeneous.homogeneous Post-disaster needs assessment methodologies are useful as far as they offer tools that can be adapted and combined according to the concrete circumstances. Post-disaster needs assessment methodologies are useful as far as they offer tools that can be adapted and combined according to the concrete circumstances. Rrecovery needs assessment aspects should be integrated more systematically in the sectoral needs assessment methodologies for emergency response. For Latin America, the validation of the REDLAC methodology could be a starting point due to the variety of organisations involved in this initiative. Rrecovery needs assessment aspects should be integrated more systematically in the sectoral needs assessment methodologies for emergency response. For Latin America, the validation of the REDLAC methodology could be a starting point due to the variety of organisations involved in this initiative. Recovery is primarily a local process. The needs assessments therefore have to be established at the community level using a participatory approach. Recovery is primarily a local process. The needs assessments therefore have to be established at the community level using a participatory approach. Advances can be observed in Latin America related to preparedness, response and risk reduction, much less related to recovery. Advances can be observed in Latin America related to preparedness, response and risk reduction, much less related to recovery. Disaster risk reduction has not yet been incorporated systematically in recovery processes. Disaster risk reduction has not yet been incorporated systematically in recovery processes. Within the UN system general responsibilities for the different recovery sectors exist. Nevertheless, in the end, the contributions depend on which agencies are present in the affected country or area. Within the UN system general responsibilities for the different recovery sectors exist. Nevertheless, in the end, the contributions depend on which agencies are present in the affected country or area. Gender has been accepted as a cross-cutting issue in the applied methodologies. The consequences of being a cross-cutting issue are often not clearly defined and appropriate “engendering” does not take place. Gender has been accepted as a cross-cutting issue in the applied methodologies. The consequences of being a cross-cutting issue are often not clearly defined and appropriate “engendering” does not take place. Data collection is mostly done by the governments, especially in the first emergency phase. This data is used by the UN system as well as by the NGO and donor organisations. In case of governmental deficiencies, especially related to availability and quality of local staff, the ministries are supported by these actors via financial funds or own staff (e.g. UNV, FAO, PAHO). Data collection is mostly done by the governments, especially in the first emergency phase. This data is used by the UN system as well as by the NGO and donor organisations. In case of governmental deficiencies, especially related to availability and quality of local staff, the ministries are supported by these actors via financial funds or own staff (e.g. UNV, FAO, PAHO). There is a lack of coordination between the sectors and actors involved in recovery, especially at the national level. Most donor organisations do not have their own recovery needs assessment methodology. They use certain criteria or guidelines but rely, as far as the needs identification is concerned, on the information provided by the government, the UN system and traditional socios (e.g. IADB, ECHO, GTZ). They mostly have or send short-term or long-term staff in the region to accompany or guide the identification process. Only some NGOs with broad local presence use their own methodology (e.g. Oxfam) There is a lack of coordination between the sectors and actors involved in recovery, especially at the national level. Most donor organisations do not have their own recovery needs assessment methodology. They use certain criteria or guidelines but rely, as far as the needs identification is concerned, on the information provided by the government, the UN system and traditional socios (e.g. IADB, ECHO, GTZ). They mostly have or send short-term or long-term staff in the region to accompany or guide the identification process. Only some NGOs with broad local presence use their own methodology (e.g. Oxfam)

61. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata61 PDNA Where should we move to?  guidelines for composite analysis of different recovery needs assessments  format for conducting and reporting Rapid Recovery Needs Assessments (RRNA) at the local level. This can be used in areas where there are gaps in assessments and or by stakeholders who do not have existing tools for multi-sectoral recovery assessment. The format should be designed to help aggregate local findings through the RRNA at the sub-regional, regional and national levels.  format for collating and analyzing findings of recovery needs assessments conducted by different actors.  format for developing an Integrated Recovery Framework and an associated Integrated Plan of Action (IPA) for all recovery stakeholders. This will build a ‘coordinated action’ element in the PDNA.  format for developing an Integrated Recovery Framework and an associated Integrated Plan of Action (IPA) for all recovery stakeholders. This will build a ‘coordinated action’ element in the PDNA.  information management tool for mapping recovery needs, capacities and gaps in lines of the 3W tool being used by OCHA’s NAF and UNICEF’s MRA methodology.  checklists for covering cross-cutting themes that are usually not mainstreamed in assessment methodologies. Specifically include checklist for mainstreaming gender, governance, recovery information management, disaster risk reduction etc. Checklist for governance could include guidelines for setting up appropriate institutional arrangements at the national level (pre-disaster as well as post-disaster ad-hoc scenarios), refer to UNDP/BCPR recovery guidelines;  training packages (pre-disaster and post disaster rapid refresher versions) for the rapid assessment team and the recovery analysis teams;  roster of recovery assessment and analysis team members segregated based on stakeholder representation, regional/local experience and knowledge and sector specific technical capacities;

62. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata62 PDNA The Information Management Toolkit Two Software tools: A tool to organize and coordinate Information Needs (INT) A tool to organize and coordinate Information Needs (INT) A tool to capture Damages and Losses (and potentially calculated needs too) based on DesInventar A tool to capture Damages and Losses (and potentially calculated needs too) based on DesInventar

63. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata63 PDNA Information Management Toolkit What is the Information Needs Tool (INT)? The PDNA-INT is a software tool that allows the organized storage, manipulation and query of the information requirements (“datasets”) of multiple Assessment methodologies (both Damage and Needs). The PDNA-INT is a software tool that allows the organized storage, manipulation and query of the information requirements (“datasets”) of multiple Assessment methodologies (both Damage and Needs).

64. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata64 PDNA Information Management Toolkit What is the Information Needs Tool (INT)? The INT is similar to the W3 tool but deals with Information (instead of projects): The INT is similar to the W3 tool but deals with Information (instead of projects): it is about Who has data about a specific subject. Same as W3, the INT can potentially avoid multiple institutions collecting the same data or having different versions of the same information.

65. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata65 PDNA Information Management Toolkit Information Needs Tool (INT) Objectives help identifying commonalities among information needs of the different methodologies (or missions in the field) help identifying commonalities among information needs of the different methodologies (or missions in the field) help identifying flows of information among disaster phases, clusters and methodologies help identifying flows of information among disaster phases, clusters and methodologies help proposing a unique nomenclature for datasets help proposing a unique nomenclature for datasets

66. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata66 PDNA Information Management Toolkit

67. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata67 PDNA Information Management Toolkit

68. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata68 PDNA Information Management Toolkit

69. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata69 PDNA Damage & Loss Data Management System General Requirements THE BIG CHALLENGE: To satisfy evolutionary information needs across sectors and across disaster phases Preliminary damage assessments to support Relief Preliminary damage assessments to support Relief Basic damage & loss data for multi-sector Early recovery needs assessments Basic damage & loss data for multi-sector Early recovery needs assessments Starting point for subsequent comprehensive damage and loss assessment for reconstruction (ECLAC) Starting point for subsequent comprehensive damage and loss assessment for reconstruction (ECLAC) Incorporate point of entry to register needs (quantitative and qualitative) Incorporate point of entry to register needs (quantitative and qualitative)

70. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata70 PDNA Damage & Loss Data Management System General Requirements Ability to capture multiple forms with many fields Ability to capture multiple forms with many fields Ability to aggregate data in multiple ways Ability to aggregate data in multiple ways Ability to visually display spatial/temporal data Ability to visually display spatial/temporal data Ability to display tabular and statistic data Ability to display tabular and statistic data Ability to exchange data with other systems Ability to exchange data with other systems Wide accessibility Wide accessibility Multilingual interface/Multilingual content Multilingual interface/Multilingual content

71. Fixed area Customizable area (multiple tabs, multiple formats, pre-configured) (Social and basic damage and loss variables)

72. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata72 PDNA Damage Data Management System Other Features Pre-Configured Pre-Configured Documented Documented Low cost/Low Tech Low cost/Low Tech Friendliness of interface Friendliness of interface GLIDE compliant GLIDE compliant Multi-platform (OS/DB) Multi-platform (OS/DB)

73. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata73 PDNA The development of the PDNA provides an opportunity for the international community --international organizations within the UN system, the World Bank and major NGOs and bilateral donors – to cover an existing gap, to coordinate amongst them and to make sure that our efforts to support countries affected by disasters become more effective and provide higher impact. The discussions of the technical oversight committee have highlighted the following aspects that will need to be born in mind in the development of the PDNA: for the international community --international organizations within the UN system, the World Bank and major NGOs and bilateral donors – to cover an existing gap, to coordinate amongst them and to make sure that our efforts to support countries affected by disasters become more effective and provide higher impact. The discussions of the technical oversight committee have highlighted the following aspects that will need to be born in mind in the development of the PDNA:  timeliness, and the need for the PDNA process to be seen as a iterative process that identifies from the outset emergency needs and arising early recovery conditions that will reduce the friction between recovery, reconstruction and the gradual moving towards a development process that is more resilient and sustainable.  coherence, and the need for the PDNA to take account of already existing methodologies and work done by the participants;  inclusiveness, including the need to engage the International Financial Institutions in the development of the PDNA as well as the inclusion of governments in this work; and,  Convergence, with related work conducted in relation to the HFA and the IASC humanitarian reform agendas.

74. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata74 PDNA From validation to application A PDNA tool reviewing workshop A PDNA tool reviewing workshop A validation of the first phase´s deliverable A validation of the first phase´s deliverable A PDNA guide to be applied inter agency agreement A PDNA guide to be applied inter agency agreement

75. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata75 PDNA What the recovery programme requires a) Solid quantification b) Participation of affected population or community c) Definition and appropriation of priorities (political consensus) d) Sequencing of activities over time (technical analysis) e) Determination of resources required vs capacity and available capabilities (gap analysis and trade- offs) f) Financial / sectoral planning (programme and project formulation

76. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata76 PDNA Issues crucial to PDNA Technical considerations Technical considerations  Harmonization, transfer and access to information between methodologies and tools Organizational considerations Organizational considerations  Coordination, avoid duplication and agreed response and preparation platforms  Sequencing of assessments (simultaneity and non- duplication) Trade-offs Trade-offs  Timeliness, accuracy and costs Common understanding Common understanding Experience and knowledge share Experience and knowledge share Training and research to advance Training and research to advance

77. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata77 PDNA Advance in an integrated approach Allow for diverse end results depending on purpose of the assessment Allow for diverse end results depending on purpose of the assessment  Search and rescue information needs  Humanitarian response needs (DANA, UNDAC/OCHA assessments9  Early recovery needs (transition from assistance to self sufficiency)  Restoration of basic lifelines and livelihoods (move to sustainable processes)  Recovery frameworks (BCPR/PDNA)  Reconstruction (financial, technical and absorptive capacity to sustainable development objectives, IFIs assessment)

78. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata78 PDNA ASPECTS OF PDNA - Most of the clusters (and probably as a result of the PDNA initiative itself) are working on their own Cluster-specific assessment methodologies. - Several actors in this process are developing new DANA methodologies - Not appropriate emphasis in an interagency, cross-cutting ‘umbrella’ or framework where this existing and ongoing initiatives can coexists and be respected (including the attribution and credits) - Symptoms of institutional “jealousies” that can potentially put in jeopardy the project if relations and cooperation with other clusters and agencies are not carefully managed

79. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata79 PDNA Some relevant unresolved issues The cluster approach and its application in concrete field / national setups The cluster approach and its application in concrete field / national setups The competing / complementarities of interests of agencies in the ground The competing / complementarities of interests of agencies in the ground The competing interests of national institutions, challenging the system The competing interests of national institutions, challenging the system The lack of an agreed conceptual framework prior to the disaster to assess from emergency to early recovery and move to sustainable reconstruction processes The lack of an agreed conceptual framework prior to the disaster to assess from emergency to early recovery and move to sustainable reconstruction processes The necessary flexibility/adaptability to changing disaster impacts and national institutional setups The necessary flexibility/adaptability to changing disaster impacts and national institutional setups

80. ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata80 PDNA Thank you! http://groups.google.com/group/pdna-for-recovery http://www.eclac.org