1. MISSOURI RIVER INNOVATIVE BANK STABILIZATION & AQUATIC & RIPARIAN HABITAT ENHANCEMENT @ LEWIS & CLARK REGIONAL WATER SYSTEM, VERMILLION, SD.

2. Aerial shot fall 2007. Looking US @ L & C project, approximately one mile between white arrows.

3. Our downstream key ties into the upstream section of a buried stone revetment for the highway bridge

4. Discussion of finer points inside & on-site. PRE-CON MEET-MISSOURI RIVER@L & C-TERRY STOLTENOW-11/1/07

5. CONCEPTUALLY  Start with a standard bank protection plan that is well understood, well designed, & time tested (low degree of risk)  Add to this the hydraulically rough & environmentally desirable Extreme Locked Logs (113) plus 49,000 unrooted willow pole plantings within & through the riprap, & 59,300 rooted stock plants for the lower, mid, & upper bank areas. Then cover (choke) all exposed stone with soil & seed !!

6. Stabilization / habitat cross-section from HDR, Inc. CONSTRUCTION -MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C

7. Rock box keeps rock “clean” & speeds production. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER@L & C-DERRICK-NOV 13, 2007

8. Tom Powell said they would wear it out, he was right! CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-TERRY STOLTENOW-1-11-2008

9. MID-PROJECT KEYS {Straight trench perpendicular to high flow vectors, place willow poles on both sides in sloped bank area, fill with a 10 ft section of graded stone, backfill & compact 3 ft of soil, then seed}

10. Filling the key from the land side working toward the river. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER@L & C-TERRY STOLTENOW-11/29/07

11. Looking at Key #6, now stone filled & soil backfilled. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-Dec 13, 2007

12. LONGITUDINAL FILL STONE TOE PROTECTION {LFSTP} {Self-adjusting & self-filtering stone. Minimum 10 ft wide by 3 ft thick. Contractor placed 22,986 tons of stone for entire launchable toe.} (Amounts in actual construction have varied from 3.2 to 4.6 tons/ft. in concave & straight sections, to 6.3 to 8.4 tons/per ft. at convex areas (juts).

13. Looking US. 10 ft wide stone toe looking good! CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-TERRY STOLTENOW-11/8/07

14. Looking US. Smoothing choke soil with the Bobcat. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-TERRY STOLTENOW-12/5/07

15. INSTALLATION OF THE EXTREME LOCKED LOGS

16. BANK CROSS-SECTION FROM HDR., INC Looking US at Station 11+00 Self- Adjusting LFSTP Locked Log

17. FUZZY EXTREME LOCKED LOG Cedar tree with lots of branches

18. Looking US. A cedar Fuzzy Extreme Locked Log CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-NOV 15, 2007

19. Looking US. Scraping branches off of the lower 15 ft of the Fuzzy Extreme Locked Log so stone to trunk contact is made, & the Locked Log is truly locked in place. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-NOV 15, 2007

20. Looking US. Fuzzy Extreme Locked Log is locked in place CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-NOV 15, 2007

21. STONE TOE PROTECTION WITH INTEGRATED EXTREME LOCKED LOGS

22. Looking US. Note calm water between Locked Logs. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-NOV 15, 2007 LFSTP 10 ft wide

23. Looking US. Soil choked toe stone in foreground, US stone not choked yet. Specs call for a minimum of 6 inches of soil over stone, contractor is placing one ft of soil to allow for settling. More soil is better. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-DEC 11, 2007

24. Looking US. Note slack water DS of all Locked Logs CONSTRUCTION -MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-NOV 13, 2007

25. EXTREME LOCKED LOGS CAN BE RETROFITTED INTO EXISTING PROJECTS

26. Looking DS. Irregular bankline mimics natural shore CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-NOV 15, 2007

27. Looking US. Turbulence off ends of ExLL with “flat” water DS. Note uneven shore & soil choked stone. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-NOV 15, 2007

28. THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND HYDRAULIC ATTRIBUTES GO HAND-IN-HAND ON THIS PROJECT

29. Looking US @ self-adjusting toe stone & Extreme Locked Logs, natural bank US. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-NOV 15, 2007

30. EXTREME LOCKED LOGS WITH ICE

31. Looking DS at ice buildup US of natural jam. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-DEC 11, 2007

32. ICE MANAGEMENT FOR STABILIZATION/RESTORATION PROJECTS Increase roughness of the bank and near-bank aquatic area!!!  Ice will form first in slow water  Ice will be thickest in the slower water  Next the entire stream has an ice cover  Then the ice-out occurs  The thickest ice near the bank will stay put so that plants are not sheared & smaller stones are not plucked

33. Ice surrounding ExLL fends off moving ice floes. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-DEC 11, 2007

34. Looking DS. Different thickness of ice show current directions and different velocities. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-DEC 11, 2007

35. Looking DS. Natural jam with ExLL US & DS. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-DEC 11, 2007

36. Looking DS. Natural jam with ExLL US & DS. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-DEC 11, 2007

37. Looking US. Close-up of ice surrounding ExLL. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-DEC 11, 2007

38. PLANT PLANTS WITH VERY LARGE YELLOW MACHINES

39. BANK CROSS-SECTION FROM HDR., INC Looking US at Station 11+00 Self- Adjusting LFSTP Riprap blanket on 3 to 1 slope, 3 ft thick, with 49,000 integrated willow pole plantings in 4 rows Locked Log

40. Terry Stoltenow, construction inspector with HDR, Inc. with 6-7 ft long bundled willows CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-DEC 11, 2007

41. MISSOURI RIVER @ LEWIS & CLARK 1127 1125 1126 1130 1129 1128 15 FT 9 FT June-Sept 2002-2008 24K= 1124.5 June-Sept 2008 26K= 1124.7 Target nav. stage 31K= 1125.3 June-Sept 1967-2004 34K= 1125.5 Height of toe stone 28K=1125.0 Field analysis-willows grow well from +3 to +7 ft above the 1122 ft flow=1125 to 1129 Vadose zone-field analysis shows 3 ft above stage 1124.5 to 1127.5 Use this one Basal ends of willows should be at ele. 1125 Min. 6 inches soil 3 on 1 slope River flow elevations during growing season 4 on 1 slope

42. MISSOURI RIVER @ LEWIS & CLARK 1125 1130 Basal ends of willows should be at ele. 1125 3 on 1 slope 4 on 1 slope First two rows of willows are 6-7 ft long Uphill two rows willows are 9 ft long Soil choke

43. THE BUCKET TEETH TICKLER SLIT TRENCH METHOD

44. Pull bucket back 8”, lean willow poles against stone. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-Dec 13, 2007

45. Looking US. All 4 rows of willows CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-Dec 12, 2007

46. Looking US at willows & stone. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-DEC 11, 2007

47. All 4 rows of willow integrated into riprap & soil choked CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-Dec 12, 2007

48. ALL CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE EXCEPT FOR INSTALLATION OF THE UPPER BANK ROOTED- STOCK PLANTINGS (and the small area where the dredge boat is moored)

49. Looking DS. Ice jam has raised river at toe. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-Feb 25, 2008

50. Looking US. River frozen, some tops of Locked Logs visible, pole plantings, & upper bank sloped to 4 on 1. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-Feb 25, 2008

51. Looking US. Nature is curvaceous, us too !! CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-Feb 25, 2008 Edge of stone toe

52. Looking US. Rough grade slows downslope runoff. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-Feb 25, 2008

53. Looking downhill @ willow pole plantings. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-Feb 25, 2008

54. Looking US. Keyways (foreground) were not planted with willow poles but can be vegetated in the spring with rooted-stock willows, cottonwoods & dogwoods. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-Feb 25, 2008

55. PLANT PLANTS WITH A MUCH SMALLER MACHINE 59,300 bare root plants {even amount of cottonwood & red osier dogwood} were installed on a 4 to 1 slope from elevation 1130 up to top of bank during March 26 - May 4, 2008.

56. BANK CROSS-SECTION FROM HDR., INC Bank sloped at 4 to 1 with 59,300 rooted-stock plants in anywhere from 6 to 16 rows (dependant on bank height).

57. Ancient two seat single row planter was used to plant 8,000 rooted stock plants per day, finished 4/3/2008 CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER@L & C-TERRY STOLTENOW-4/3/08

58. Lower bank was seeded by hand. Seed was hand raked in. All areas were mulched with straw (one large round bale for every 17,500 sq. ft) CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER@L & C-TERRY STOLTENOW-4/24/08

59. 5 ft wide “fluffy seed” planter was used for the upper bank (uphill from the rows of willows), seeding completed 4/28/2008 CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER@L & C-TERRY STOLTENOW-6/12/08

60. PROJECT COMPLETE APRIL 28, 2008 3 MONTHS AHEAD OF SCHEDULE

61. Tom’s crew was installing 2,000 tons of stone & 2,000 willows a day!!! That is a dump truck every 3 minutes!! CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER @ L & C-DERRICK-Nov 16, 2007

62. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS 3 MONTHS AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION {LOOKING US TO DS} August 1, 2008

63. From US looking DS @ our project & highway bridge 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-1-2008

64. Close-up looking DS @ L & C project & highway bridge. 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-1-2008

65. 3 MONTHS AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION Photos by Derrick August 1, 2008

66. Looking US @ 4 rows of willows 3 months after planting. 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-1-2008

67. Close-up look @ rows of willows. 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-1-2008

68. Close-up of willow, typical growth=22” to 54” during first 3 months 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-1-2008

69. Mid to upper bank plantings. Cottonwoods 22” to 48” tall, Red Osier Dogwoods 16” to 31” tall. 3 ft between rows, anywhere from 12” to 18” spacing between plants in a row. 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-1-2008

70. Red Osier Dogwood on mid & upper bank is 16” to 31” tall. 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-1-2008

71. Looking DS @ some minor gullying. This should self-heal. 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-1-2008

72. From upper section of project looking DS toward bridge. Willow, cottonwood & dogwood growth 3 months after planting is robust 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-1-2008

73. Looking US @ Locked Logs (some are underwater) 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-1-2008

74. Looking US @ Locked Logs. None of the 113 logs have been lost!! 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-1-2008

75. Looking US @ uneven bankline, plantings & Extreme Locked Logs 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-1-2008

76. THIS PROJECT WON THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR’S “PARTNERS IN CONSERVATION” AWARD IN 2009

77. 16 MONTHS AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION (1.5 GROWING SEASONS) Photos by Derrick AUGUST 6, 2009

78. 16 MONTHS LATER-Looking DS @ willow & cottonwood growth (up to 6 ft for both). 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-09

79. 16 MONTHS LATER-Looking DS @ dense & robust willow growth. Coverage of ground is excellent here. 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-09

80. 16 MONTHS LATER-Looking US @ willow & cottonwood growth. Growth & cover on ground not as robust here. Soil choke has fallen into voids between rocks, but not a significant problem. 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-09

81. 16 MONTHS LATER-Looking uphill @ cottonwood (some up to 6 ft tall) & red osier dogwood growth. 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-09

82. 16 MONTHS LATER-Looking DS. Stage is about 1.5 ft higher than in 2008 (1 ft over the longitudinal fill stone toe). Many Locked Logs are underwater, none have been lost. 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-09

83. 16 MONTHS LATER-Looking US. River stage is 1.5 ft higher than summer 2008. Many Locked Logs submerged, all are still in place. Overall vegetation growth is very good to excellent. 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-09

84. 16 MONTHS LATER-Looking US. Overall project performance has been very good to excellent. Some wave action has removed soil choke from stone at edge of river, but looks no worse than summer 2008 condition. 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-09

85. 16 MONTHS LATER-Looking US. Close-up of willow growth. 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-09

86. 16 MONTHS LATER-Looking DS @ shoreline. 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-09

87. 16 MONTHS LATER-Cottonwood seedlings everywhere, including at water’s edge. Good shallow edge habitat here. 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-09

88. IMMEDIATELY DOWNSTREAM OF THE PROJECT 16 MONTHS LATER Photos by Derrick AUGUST 6, 2009

89. 16 MONTHS LATER-Looking DS @ the downstream key rock self-adjusting into the river. 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-09

90. 16 MONTHS LATER-Looking DS of the project. Note stone from the highway bridge key is launching into the river. The left bank at the bridge eroded a measured 300 ft in 10 years. 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-09

91. 28 MONTHS (2.5 GROWING SEASONS) AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION Photos by Derrick August 6, 2010

92. 28 MONTHS LATER-Looking US @ the project. All green, note erosion DS of the project 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-10

93. 28 MONTHS LATER-From the bridge, looking US @ the robust project & the erosion DS of the project. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-10

94. 28 MONTHS LATER-From bridge, looking US @ robust project & at DS erosion 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-10

95. 28 MONTHS LATER-Looking DS @ bank erosion immediately DS of the project that stretches all the way to the bridge. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-10

96. 28 MONTHS LATER-Looking DS @ cottonwoods, willows, & good grass coverage. Some variation in survivability & size, but overall great veg coverage over the entire project. Most willows are 40” to 60”, with some up to 100 inches tall. Cottonwoods average 50 to 70 inches tall, some up to 114” tall. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-10

97. 28 MONTHS LATER-Looking DS @ riverside willows. Note the large amount of volunteer cottonwood seedlings. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-10

98. 28 MONTHS LATER-Looking US @ willows underwater. High flow has inundated the 10 ft wide launchable toe stone. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-10

99. 28 MONTHS LATER-Looking US. Note slower water over the top of the Locked Logs, faster water further out in the river. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-10

100. 28 MONTHS LATER-Looking US @ robust willow growth & slower water over the top of the Locked Logs. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-10

101. 28 MONTHS LATER-Looking US @ close-up of robust willows, high water over toe stone, & uneven bankline. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-10

102. 28 MONTHS LATER-Looking US. Overall view of vegetated project bank & existing forest (mature trees) 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-10

103. 28 MONTHS LATER-Looking US @ robust cottonwood growth 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-10

104. 28 MONTHS LATER-Looking uphill @ cottonwoods. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-10

105. 28 MONTHS LATER-Trunk diameter of up to 1 ¼ inches found on some cottonwoods 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-10

106. 28 MONTHS LATER-Looking DS. In areas where planted veg was not robust, typically grasses were performing well. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-10

107. 28 MONTHS LATER-Looking US @ cottonwoods. Bare soil areas as shown here are relatively rare. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-10

108. 28 MONTHS LATER-Looking @ edge of water with inundated willows. Some floating wood & many frogs here. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-10

109. 28 MONTHS LATER-Looking DS @ planted willows & many volunteer cottonwood seedlings in water. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-10

110. 28 MONTHS LATER-Looking DS @ uneven bankline with willows in water. Most Locked Logs are under high water. Hundreds of frogs living along the river, many more than on an eroding bank. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-10

111. 28 MONTHS LATER-Looking US @ riverside willows. Note flat water around Locked Logs @ US end of project. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-10

112. 28 MONTHS LATER-Looking US @ willows over riprap. I expected them to be taller, most are 40” to 60”, with some up to 100 inches tall. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-10

113. 28 MONTHS LATER-In some areas insects are eating leaves off of the willows, many small branches were bare. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-10

114. 28 MONTHS LATER-Looking US @ robust growth over a long reach of the project. Uneven bankline looks good 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI R.@L & C-PIX BY DERRICK 8-6-10

115. Stream Project Functions: Fully functioning both hydraulically & environmentally. Multiple protection redundancy. Extreme Locked Logs move scour & thalweg away from attacked bank & should recruit SWD & LWD. Self- adjusting toe stone provides protection against scour. Riprap revetment provides direct armor protection. Vegetation roughness reduces near-bank flow velocities & invites deposition. Plant roots strengthen bank & bind soil.

116.  Provides a positive alternative & guide for large-scale bank stabilization  Soil choking, rooted stock plants, & Extreme Locked Logs & can be retro- fitted to many existing projects  Project monitoring will provide insight into hydraulic & environmental functions of the techniques used  Lessons learned can be used to refine future river projects HOW WILL THIS PROJECT POSITIVELY EFFECT THE RECOVERY OF THE MISSOURI RIVER?

117. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI RIVER@L & C-TERRY STOLTENOW-11/29/07

118. The end 55 pounds of high-speed trouble at rest!! Cleophus Speed Elvis Derrick