1. Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb Niels van Bakel, Martin van Beuzekom, Eddy Jans, Sander Klous, Hans Verkooijen (NIKHEF Amsterdam, Free University of Amsterdam) Daniel Baumeister, Werner Hofmann, Karl-Tasso Knöpfle, Sven Löchner, Michael Schmelling (Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg) Ulrich Trunk (University of Heidelberg) Neville Harnew, Nigel Smale (University of Oxford)

2. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 2 Beetle: Outline Beetle Overview Beetle 1.2 Analogue readout Front end Comparator Binary readout Pipeamp / Multiplexer SEU hard Fast Control / Slow Control Results from Total Ionizing Dose (TID) irradiation test Summary

3. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 3 analogue / binary pipeline chip providing a prompt binary readout for trigger applications integrated in a standard 0.25 µm CMOS technology designed for: Silicon Vertex Detector Pile-up Veto Trigger Inner Tracker RICH (in case of MAPMTs) Beetle: A Readout Chip for LHCb Key Specifications: 40 MHz sampling max. latency 4 µs 40/80 MHz readout fast shaping: t rise  25 ns remainder 25 ns after peak  30% accept up to 16 consecutive triggers readout time  900 ns / trigger radiation hard  10 Mrad

4. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 4 Beetle: Architecture

5. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 5 Beetle: Layout / Floor plan Layout of the Beetle 1.2 chip and its corresponding floor plan.6.1mm 5.1mm

6. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 6 Analogue readout small, but constant baseline dip header levels: +/- 42.150 e - (118 e - /mV) correct encoded header 1 Start-bit 1 Parity-bit of Pipeline Column Number 1 EDC status-bit 3 different parity-bits of registers 2 LSB-bits of the SEU-counter 8 Pipeline Column Number (PCN) bits readout on 1 port: 16 bit header, 128 bit data HeaderAnalogue data

7. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 7 Front end: Pulseshape (1) peaktime  25 ns for C p  51pF Front end behaviour of the Beetle 1.2 (measured with different Cp) Ipre=600µA, Isha=80µA, Ibuf=200µA, Vfp=0V, Vfs=0V peaktime (0-100) 3pF 51pF

8. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 8 Front end: Pulseshape (2) risetime  17 ns for C p  51pF Front end behaviour of the Beetle 1.2 (measured with different Cp) Ipre=600µA, Isha=80µA, Ibuf=200µA, Vfp=0V, Vfs=0V risetime (10-90) 3pF 51pF

9. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 9 Front end: Pulseshape (3) remainder 25 ns after peak is less than 30% for C p < 35pF Front end behaviour of the Beetle 1.2 (measured with different Cp) Ipre=600µA, Isha=80µA, Ibuf=200µA, Vfp=0V, Vfs=0V remainder after 25ns 3pF 51pF

10. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 10 Front end: ENC measured ENC of the new front end on a complete readout chip Beetle 1.2: Heidelberg:497 e - + 48.3 e - /pF measured ENC of the new front end on a test chip BeetleFE 1.1: NIKHEF:429 e - + 47.0 e - /pF Zurich:436 e - + 47.7 e - /pF Heidelberg:483 e - + 45.7 e - /pF p r e l i m i n a r y !

11. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 11 Front end: Dynamic range Dynamic range for both polarities: +/- 110.000 e - :< 2% for negative pulses < 5% for positive pulses

12. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 12 adjustable threshold for each channel global threshold channel threshold Integrator extracts DC-level of shaped front-end pulse and adds it to threshold adjustable time-constant mask register for each channel multiple operation modes digital part is now SEU hard (triple redundant logic) Beetle 1.2: Comparator (1)

13. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 13 Beetle 1.2: Comparator (2) very long shaping track mode “on” as long as signal is over threshold pulse mode “on” only for one BX one BX dead time fast LVDS output signal shaped front-end pulse

14. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 14 Binary readout DataVaild (LVDS signal) Comparator in pipeline-mode Analogue output pads switched to LVDS output pads Fast comparator output (LVDS signal) new output buffer for pipeline- mode no signal spill-over to the next bunch crossing

15. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 15 Low trigger rate Readout at trigger rates of 1 Hz and below Occurs only in 128 channels on 1 port output mode Floating wire between Pipeamp and MUX  wrong DC operation point at the beginning of a readout Beetle 1.1 Beetle 1.2

16. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 16 Output Driver / Modes Analogue Output Driver bidirectional current driver designed to drive analogue signals more than 10 m Binary Output Driver implemented as LVDS transceiver used for the digital pipelined comparator signals same output pads for both output drivers Modes of output operation on 4 ports @ 40 MHz in parallel: readout in 900 ns on 2 ports @ 80 MHz in parallel: readout in 900 ns on 1 port @ 40 MHz: readout in 3.4 µs (for test purposes)

17. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 17 Beetle 1.2: Biasing DAC resolution reduced from 10 bit to 8 bit Doubled the max. output current of all Current DACs from 1 mA to 2 mA Self triggered, triple redundant flip-flops in all bias registers => Hardened against SEU triple redundant flip-flop with flip indication

18. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 18 Fast control / Slow control Slow control (I 2 C-Interface and Register Control) Hardened against SEU (state machines use triple redundant flip-flops with majority encoding) Hard wired 7-bit Chip Id. 20 write- and readable 8-bit registers 3 write- and readable mask-registers (in total 641 bits) 1 SEU counter (8-bit). (counts all detected and corrected SEU flips). Fast control (Pipeline and Readout Control) SEU hard New reset schema (only one external reset; internal power-up resets all bias and state registers) New control schema of the Pipeamp / MUX to prevent the sticky charge problem at low trigger rates. Trigger is latched internally (“Trigger phasing”) Daisy-Chain concept is now implemented New 8-bit analogue readout header (Start-bit, Parity-bit, EDC status-bit, 3 different parity-bits of registers, 2 LSB-bits of the SEU-counter)

19. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 19 Total Ionizing Dose irradiation Done at the X-ray facility of CERN‘s Microelectronic Group Irradiated Chips: 4 Beetle 1.1 chips 2 chips being kept at room temperature 2 chips being annealed at 100 °C 2 BeetleFE 1.1 chips containing FE prototypes with a NMOS input transistor 2 BeetleFE 1.2 chips containing FE prototypes with a PMOS input transistor Accumulated Dose: Beetle 1.1:10 Mrad, 10 Mrad, 30 Mrad, 45 Mrad BeetleFE 1.1:10 Mrad BeetleFE 1.2:10 Mrad

20. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 20 TID: Results of Beetle 1.1 Beetle 1.1 showed full functionality beyond 45 Mrad full trigger and readout functionality full slow control functionality performance degradations are small peaktime:up to 30 Mrad:  1 ns up to 45 Mrad:  4,5 ns gain:up to 45 Mrad:  10% Beetle 1.1 no tuning of bias settings

21. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 21 Summary

22. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 22 Beetle Specification: L1 Interface Rather well defined : http://lhcb-elec.web.cern.ch/lhcb-elec/html/key_parameters.htm Bunch crossing rate: 40.08 MHz Maximum L0 rate: 1.1 MHz L0 latency: 4.0 µs = 160 clock periods L0 gap: None Consecutive L0 triggers: max. 16 L0 trigger types: only one (normal trigger) Samples to extract per L0 accept: one per channel (multiple samples if required) L0 derandomizer depth: 16 events L0 derandomizer readout time: (32 + 2 + 2) * 25 ns = 900 ns L0 restrictions: emulation of front-end buffers  predictable release of derandomizer buffers Bunch crossing clock and L0 distribution: TTC system Synchronization checks: all event data must carry synchronization checking data  PCN Location and qualification of L0 front-end electronics 0.25 µm CMOS technology & special design rules ensure radiation hardness > 10 Mrad L1 buffer input speed: 900 ns minimum spacing between events L0 front-end reset

23. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 23 Specification: Detector Interface

24. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 24 Beetle 1.2: Comparator (2) short shaping new output buffer for pipeline- mode no signal spill-over to the next bunch crossing very long shaping track mode “on” as long as signal is over threshold pulse mode “on” only for one BX one BX dead time LVDS output signal shaped front-end pulse

25. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 25 Beetle 1.2: Pipeamp / Multiplexer Block schematic and timing of Pipeamp / MUX

26. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 26 TID: Results of Beetle 1.1 (2)

27. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 27 TID: Results of BeetleFE 1.1 typical slope: 0.1 ns/Mrad only minor performance variations during irradiation

28. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 28 Next steps / Outlook Next steps: Lab-test of the Beetle 1.2 (readout modes, more pulseshapes, pipelinehomogenity,...) Random trigger tests ENC measurements TID irradiation test SEU test... up to now Beetle 1.2 fulfils all LHCb specifications except for consecutive readouts

29. 8 th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments 9-13 September 2002, Colmar, France Sven Löchner ASIC-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Performance of the Beetle Readout Chip for LHCb 29 Readout consecutive readout (no gap between two readouts) non-consecutive readout (minimum gap between two readouts)