1. Use Chapter 6 of textbook to define the following terms
Muckraker
Direct Primary
Initiative
Referendum
Recall
Suffrage
Social Darwinism
Income Tax

2. Progressive Era

3. Progressive Era
Progressive Era - period from 1898 to 1917 when reformers won many changes to improve American life
Progressives believed that the public interest should guide all government actions.

4. Social Darwinism Based on the ideas of biologist Charles Darwin
People should be judged by the “survival of the fittest” principle
Government should not directly help the poor
Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth argued that the rich should give money to charities that allowed people to help themselves

5. Social Gospel
Movement that sought to help the poor and immigrants based on the principles of Christianity (charity and justice)
Churches started social programs, child care, gyms and aid to the poor
Salvation Army and YMCA both came from this movement

6. Review Questions
Use Chapters 4, 6, and your notes to answer the following questions
What was Booker T Washington’s main argument for the way African Americans could reach equality?
What was W. E. B. DuBois’ main argument for the way African Americans could reach equality?
What was the main belief of Social Darwinism?
What was the main belief of the Social Gospel?

7. Progressive Reforms
Primaries were adopted nationwide in which voters could choose their party’s candidate from among several people
16th Amendment (1913) – gave Congress the power to impose an income tax
17th Amendment (1913) – gave voters the right to directly elect U.S. Senators

8. Political Reforms
Initiatives Process in which certain citizens propose a new law directly on the ballot
Referendums Process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by a legislature

9. Political Reforms
Recalls allow voters to remove an elected official from office

10. Graphic Organizer: Progressive Political Reforms
Objective: To examine the major political reforms of the Progressive Era.
Graphic Organizer: Progressive Political Reforms
Party leaders pick candidates for state and local offices
Voters select their party’s candidates
PRIMARY
Voters can propose bills to the legislature or ballot
Only members of state legislatures can introduce bills
INITIATIVE
Voters can vote on bills directly passed by legislature
Only legislators pass laws
REFERENDUM
Only courts or legislature can remove corrupt officials
Voters can remove elected officials from office
RECALL

11. Assignment
Think about the biggest problem we have at school and describe it and why it’s a problem. How could you use one of the Progressive reforms (initiative or referendum) to fix that problem if they were available to you at school and why you would choose that method over the other two? (About One Page)

12. Muckrakers Named by President Teddy Roosevelt
Journalist who uncovered wrongdoing in politics and business
Raked through the mud to expose the truth to the public

13. Muckrakers and Reform Efforts
Problem: Corruption in government, political bosses, crime and other safety problems in cities
Muckraker: Lincoln Steffens, wrote The Shame of Cities
Reform: His book led to the election of progressives who worked to fixed the problems described in his book

14. Muckrakers and Reform Efforts
Problem: Unfair business practices by Standard Oil and other trusts.
Muckraker: Ida Tarbell, journalist for McClures
Reform: Her stories led to demands for tighter control of trusts.
Sherman Ant-trust Act outlawed monopolies

15. Muckrakers and Reform Efforts
Problem: Destruction of Natural Resources (Forests)
Muckraker: Gifford Pinchot, first chief of the US Forrest Service
Reform: Believed in the planned and efficient use of natural resources so they would be available to future generations, Expanded the National Park System

16. Muckrakers and Reform Efforts Food and Drug Administration
Problem: Filthy, unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry.
Muckraker: Upton Sinclair, author of The Jungle
Reform: Laws were passed to improve meat inspection.
Food and Drug Administration
(FDA)

17. More Reforms caused by The Jungle
YEAR
LAW
PURPOSE
Forced meat packers to allow more inspection of their meat
Meat Inspection Act
1906
Ingredients were required on all food and drug items
Pure Food and Drug Act
1906

18. Assignment
You are a concerned citizen who has just finished reading The Jungle by Upton Sinclair. Write a letter to president Roosevelt in which you tell him the problems with the meat factories and what you believe should be done about it.
Letter should be about one page.

19. Women’s Suffrage Movement to give women the right to vote
Started by Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Sojourner Truth a former slave a key abolitionist also campaigned for Women’s Suffrage in her famous speech “Ain’t I a Women”

20. Push for a Constitutional Amendment
Alice Paul formed the National Woman’s Party (NWP)
NWP organized protests around the nation in support of women’s suffrage

21. In front of the Geneva Headquarters of the National Woman's Party
In front of the Geneva Headquarters of the National Woman's Party. (Alice Paul, second from the left)

23. On March 3, 1913, charismatic and devoted women's suffrage leader Alice Paul organized a massive suffrage parade down Pennsylvania Avenue the day before President Woodrow Wilson's inauguration.

24. Women's suffrage protest in front of the White House, February 1917

25. Assignment
Read the handout The Mother who Saved Suffrage and answer the following questions
What was the state that became the 36th and final state needed to ratify the 19th amendment?
Who cast the deciding vote for the 19th amendment?
What did the red rose worn by Harry Burn represent?
What did Burn receive before the vote and what did it cause him to do?
How did Burn explain his actions the next day?
If you had been Harry Burn what would you have done?

26. 19th Amendment and Tennessee
19th Amendment (1920) gave women the right to vote
Tennessee was the 36th (final state needed) to ratify the amendment
Anne Dallas Dudley - President of the Tennessee Equal Suffrage Association , Vice president of the NAWSA, led campaign for 19th amendment in TN
Gov. Al Roberts- TN governor, called special legislation session to vote on 19th amendment
19th Amendment passed by one vote in TN legislature (49-48)
Harry Burn – casted deciding vote in TN legislature, originally going to vote against amendment but got letter from his mama asking him to vote for it

27. Letter from Burn’s mother
Dear Son: Hurrah and vote for suffrage! Don't keep them in doubt! I notice some of the speeches against. They were bitter. I have been watching to see how you stood, but have not noticed anything yet. Don't forget to be a good boy and help Mrs. Catt put the "rat" in ratification. Your mother
Anti-suffragists became very enraged when they discovered the news of Burn's decision. There is an apocryphal story that after the vote was ratified, angry anti-suffragists chased Burn through the Tennessee Legislature Hall, and Burn was forced to conceal himself for a short time until the tense situation had been defused

28. “The Perfect 36”
Book that documents the role of women and men in the women’s suffrage movement
Tennessee was the perfect 36 because it was the 36th state to vote for the 19th amendment
Tennessee was the final state needed for ratification

29. Domestic Accomplishments of TR
Square Deal- Roosevelt program that promised Americans a nation where everyone would have an equal chance to succeed.

30. TR Takes on the Trusts
· Roosevelt felt that the government should control or break up bad trusts (monopolies).
Roosevelt earned a reputation as a trustbuster.

31. William Howard Taft

32. Candidates - 1912 Presidential Election
Republican Party
Progressive Party (Bull Moose Party)
Democratic Party + =
William Howard Taft
Theodore Roosevelt
Woodrow Wilson

33. * Woodrow Wilson won the election.

34. Woodrow Wilson

35. President Woodrow Wilson’s New Freedom
Policy / Act Purpose
Federal Trade Commission (1914)
Stopped businesses from using unfair business practices, had to approve mergers of companies
Federal Reserve Act (1913)
Regulated banking and currency, controlled the money supply and interest rates