1. Tissues Tissue Histology Four Primary Types Epithelial Connective
Muscular
Nervous

2. Epithelial Tissue Functions *Covering or lining Protection
Permeability control
Secretion
Absorption
Excretion
Sensory
Function is determined by cell type & number of cell layers.

3. Structural Characteristics of Epithelia
apical
Cellularity
Polarity
Avascular
Innervated
Regeneration
basal
Basement Membrane

4. Polarity of Epithelial Cells

5. Classification of Epithelia
The function of the epithelium determines which type.
Classified according to 1. Number of cell layers Simple vs. Stratified
2. Shape of apical cell Squamous, cuboidal, columnar
3. Special features
Cilia, villi
End with epithelium to complete the naming

6. Arrangements
Simple
Stratified
Pseudostratified
Transitional

7. Shapes
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

8. Special Features
Cilia
Goblet Cells
Villi
Microvilli

9. Simple Squamous Epithelium
Diffusion, filtration, secretion, absorption
Location:
Lining of blood vessels (endothelium)
Peritoneum
Alveoli

10. Lung

11. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Functions
Secretion
Absorption
Locations
Lining of ducts
Glands (salivary, pancreas, thyroid)
Kidney tubules

12. Thyroid Follicle

13. Simple Columnar Epithelium
Functions
Secretion
Absorption
Locations
GI tract
Excretory ducts
Reproductive tract
Special Features

14. Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
Mixture of cell heights  nuclei located at various distances from surface.
All cells touch basement membrane
Functions Excretion
Movement
Locations Respiratory tract except for lungs
Male reproductive ducts

16. Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Function Protection (multiple layers = better protection)
Keratinized vs. non-keratinized
Location? Where we need protection!
Skin surface
Entrances/exits of body, e.g. mouth, vagina

19. Stratified cuboidal and columnar:
quite rare, found in glands and ducts

20. Transitional Epithelium
Layered appearance due to overcrowding.
Function
Extreme expansion
Recoil
Location
Bladder
Ureters

21. stretched

23. Locations in the Body

24. Oh…and this tissue type!

25. Connective Tissue: Supports, protects, binds tissues
Structural characteristics:
Specialized cells
Extracellular matrix
Protein fibers
Ground substance (fluid-like)
Mostly highly vascular
Extracellular matrix – all non-living components

26. Functions Structural framework Transport Support and protection
Energy storage

27. Classification of C.T.
C.T. proper (viscous matrix with fibrous, insoluble proteins)
Areolar (loose), reticular, dense, adipose
Supporting C.T. (gelatinous or solid matrix)
Cartilage, bone
Fluid C.T. (watery matrix with dissolved proteins)
Blood, lymph

28. Classification of Connective Tissues

29. Connective Tissue Proper
Types:
Areolar Dense regular Reticular
Adipose Dense irregular
Types of Fibers:
Collagen Elastic Reticular
Defense:
Macrophages Plasma Cells Mast Cells Other WBC

30. Stop

31. Fluid C. T.
Blood
Lymph

32. Supporting C.T. Cartilages Bone Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage
Mineral matrix

33. Study individual types of c.t. in lab

34. Membranes = Combination of Epithelia & C.T.
Mucous membranes
Lining of cavities that communicate with exterior
Serous membranes
Lining of sealed, internal cavities
Cutaneous membranes
Skin
Need to know membranes
Parietal vs. visceral

35. Cutaneous & Synovial Membranes

36. C.T. Framework of Body
Also: Hypodermis
or subcutaneous layer

37. Muscle Tissue
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth (not striated)

38. Skeletal Muscle
Voluntary
Heavily striated
Multinucleated

39. Cardiac Muscle Heart (Only) Intercalated disks Heavily branched
Involuntary
Striated
Intercalated disks
Heavily branched
Single central nucleus

40. Smooth Muscle
Involuntary
No striations
Single central nucleus

41. Nervous Tissue Neurons Neuroglia Transmit electrical impulses
Supportive cells of the nervous system

42. Neural Tissue