1. Topic: The Immune System Aim: What are the three lines of defense? Do Now: What part of the blood helps to fight infections?

2. What is the function of the immune system? To defend the body from disease causing organismsTo defend the body from disease causing organisms To remove dead or damaged cellsTo remove dead or damaged cells To distinguish invaders from your own body tissuesTo distinguish invaders from your own body tissues

3. 3 Lines of Defense 1 st Defense SkinSkin SneezingSneezing CoughingCoughing MucusMucus CiliaCilia SalivaSaliva Stomach acidStomach acid The first line of defense is not considered part of the immune system!!!! Barriers that trap and kill pathogens (an organism that causes disease)Barriers that trap and kill pathogens (an organism that causes disease)

4. 2 nd Defense Second line of defense is also known as the INFLAMMATORY RESPONSESecond line of defense is also known as the INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE White blood cells attack pathogens – disease causing-organisms (invaders)White blood cells attack pathogens – disease causing-organisms (invaders) Infected area becomes swollen and hot – inflamed (“on fire”)Infected area becomes swollen and hot – inflamed (“on fire”) Phagocyte: A WBC which engulfs and destroys pathogens by breaking them down.Phagocyte: A WBC which engulfs and destroys pathogens by breaking them down. Phagocytosis:

5. 2 nd Defense INTERFERON: substance produced by cells when viruses are attackingINTERFERON: substance produced by cells when viruses are attacking “Interferes” with the reproduction of new viruses“Interferes” with the reproduction of new viruses Infection slows downInfection slows down

6. 3 rd Defense Immune Response: Special WBC’s called lymphocytes (T-cells and B-cells) are targeted specifically at a pathogenImmune Response: Special WBC’s called lymphocytes (T-cells and B-cells) are targeted specifically at a pathogen Antigens: Molecules on cell, that our body recognizes as friend or foeAntigens: Molecules on cell, that our body recognizes as friend or foe Antigens trigger the production of antibodiesAntigens trigger the production of antibodies –ANTIGEN: antibody generator Antibodies: proteins that lock onto antigens, marking the pathogen for destruction.Antibodies: proteins that lock onto antigens, marking the pathogen for destruction. Antibodies are specific for an antigenAntibodies are specific for an antigen

7. The Immune Response

8. Topic: The Immune System Aim: How do we prevent disease? Do Now: List 5 things that are considered part of the body’s 1 st line of defense. Why?

9. Preventing Infectious Disease Immunity : resistance to a diseaseImmunity : resistance to a disease Active Immunity: body produces antibodies in response to presence of pathogenActive Immunity: body produces antibodies in response to presence of pathogen 2 ways to stimulate active immunity:2 ways to stimulate active immunity: 1.Becoming exposed to the disease 2.Vaccination: (immunization) is when antigens are purposely introduced to immune system producing active immunity (antibodies) Vaccine: Weakened or killed pathogensVaccine: Weakened or killed pathogens

10. Preventing Infectious Disease Passive Immunity: antibodies are given to the person, not made in bodyPassive Immunity: antibodies are given to the person, not made in body Antibiotic: chemical that kills bacteria or slows their growth without harming body cells.Antibiotic: chemical that kills bacteria or slows their growth without harming body cells.

11. What is the AIDS virus? AIDS = Acquired immunodeficiency syndromeAIDS = Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome A disease caused by virus attacking WBC’s in the immune system.A disease caused by virus attacking WBC’s in the immune system. Virus is spread by sexual contact, blood, and bodily fluids.Virus is spread by sexual contact, blood, and bodily fluids.

12. Topic: The Immune System Aim: What is non-infectious disease? Do Now: In what 2 ways can you stimulate active immunity?

13. What are non-infectious diseases? Not spread from person to personNot spread from person to person Not caused by microorganismsNot caused by microorganisms EXAMPLE: Cardiovascular DiseaseEXAMPLE: Cardiovascular Disease 1.Allergy: immune system is over sensitive to foreign substances Allergen: any substance that causes an allergy.Allergen: any substance that causes an allergy. EXAMPLE: PollenEXAMPLE: Pollen

14. What are non-infectious diseases? 2.Asthma: respiratory passage narrows significantly 3.Diabetes: Pancreas fails to produce enough insulin Insulin: enables cells to take glucose from blood and use it for energy.Insulin: enables cells to take glucose from blood and use it for energy.

15. What are the two forms of diabetes? Type I: pancreas produces too little or no insulinType I: pancreas produces too little or no insulin Must take insulin injectionsMust take insulin injections Type II: pancreas produce too little insulinType II: pancreas produce too little insulin Cells don’t respond to insulinCells don’t respond to insulin Control via proper diet, exercise, and weight controlControl via proper diet, exercise, and weight control

16. What are non-infectious diseases? 4.Cancer: cells multiply uncontrollably, destroying healthy tissue. Tumors: cancerous abnormal tissue growthTumors: cancerous abnormal tissue growth

17. What are carcinogens? Carcinogens: factors in the environment which cause cancerCarcinogens: factors in the environment which cause cancer Asbestos: mineral which is similar to fiberglass found in roof shingles & insulationAsbestos: mineral which is similar to fiberglass found in roof shingles & insulation  Causes lung cancer Ultraviolet Light: from the sun and tanning bedsUltraviolet Light: from the sun and tanning beds Changes DNA structure in skin which causes skin cancerChanges DNA structure in skin which causes skin cancer