1. Cellular Respiration Copyright Cmassengale

2. What Is ATP? Energy used by all Cells Adenosine Triphosphate Organic molecule containing high- energy Phosphate bonds Copyright Cmassengale

3. Chemical Structure of ATP 3 Phosphates Ribose Sugar Adenine Base Copyright Cmassengale

4. What Does ATP Do for You? It supplies YOU with ENERGY! Copyright Cmassengale

5. How Do We Get Energy From ATP? By breaking the high- energy bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP Copyright Cmassengale

6. What is the Process Called? HYDROLYSIS (Adding H 2 O) H2OH2O Copyright Cmassengale

7. How Does That Happen? An Enzyme! Copyright Cmassengale

8. How is ATP Re-Made? The reverse of the previous process occurs. Another Enzyme is used! ATP Synthetase Copyright Cmassengale

9. The ADP-ATP Cycle ATP-ase ATP Synthetase Copyright Cmassengale

10. When is ATP Made in the Body? During a Process called Cellular Respiration that takes place in both Plants & Animals by breaking down glucose. Copyright Cmassengale

11. Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration 6CO 2 + 6H 2 0 + 38 ATP’s C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 YIELDS Copyright Cmassengale

12. What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration? Glycolysis Glycolysis The Krebs Cycle The Krebs Cycle The Electron Transport Chain The Electron Transport Chain Copyright Cmassengale

13. Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place? It actually takes place in two parts of the cell: It actually takes place in two parts of the cell: Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm Krebs Cycle & ETC Takeplace in the Mitochondria Krebs Cycle & ETC Take place in the Mitochondria Copyright Cmassengale

14. Review of Mitochondria Structure Smooth outer Membrane Smooth outer Membrane Folded inner membrane Folded inner membrane Folds called Cristae Folds called Cristae Space inside cristae called the Matrix Space inside cristae called the Matrix Copyright Cmassengale

15. Glycolysis Summary Takes place in the Cytoplasm Takes place in the Cytoplasm Anaerobic (Doesn’t Use Oxygen) Anaerobic (Doesn’t Use Oxygen) Requires input of 2 ATP Requires input of 2 ATP Glucose split into two molecules of Pyruvate or Pyruvic Acid Glucose split into two molecules of Pyruvate or Pyruvic Acid Also produces 2 NADH and 4ATP, CO 2 is released(waste) Also produces 2 NADH and 4ATP, CO 2 is released(waste)

16. Glycolysis Diagram Copyright Cmassengale

17. Fermentation Occurs when O 2 NOT present (anaerobic)  Occurs when O 2 NOT present (anaerobic)  Called Lactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells (makes muscles tired)  Called Alcoholic fermentation in yeast (produces ethanol)  Nets only 2 ATP Copyright Cmassengale

18. Krebs Cycle Summary Also known as the Citric Acid Cycle Also known as the Citric Acid Cycle Requires Oxygen (Aerobic) Requires Oxygen (Aerobic) Cyclical series of reactions that give off CO 2 and produce one ATP per cycle Cyclical series of reactions that give off CO 2 and produce one ATP per cycle Turns twice per glucose molecule Turns twice per glucose molecule Produces 2 ATP Produces 2 ATP Takes place in matrix of mitochondria Takes place in matrix of mitochondria Copyright Cmassengale

19. Krebs Cycle Summary Each turn of the Krebs Cycle also produces NADH, FADH 2, and CO 2 Each turn of the Krebs Cycle also produces NADH, FADH 2, and CO 2 The NADH and FADH 2 carry electrons to the Electron Transport Chain The NADH and FADH 2 carry electrons to the Electron Transport Chain The CO 2 produced is released as waste. The CO 2 produced is released as waste. Copyright Cmassengale

20. Krebs Cycle Copyright Cmassengale

21. Electron Transport Chain Summary Occurs Across Inner Mitochondrial membrane (cristae) Occurs Across Inner Mitochondrial membrane (cristae) Requires Oxygen Requires Oxygen Uses FADH 2 and NADH from Krebs Cycle and NADH from Glycolysis Uses FADH 2 and NADH from Krebs Cycle and NADH from Glycolysis H 2 O Produced and is released H 2 O Produced and is released FAD+ and NAD+ are produced and recycled to be used again in Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle FAD+ and NAD+ are produced and recycled to be used again in Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle 34 ATP Produced 34 ATP Produced Copyright Cmassengale

22. Electron Transport Chain Copyright Cmassengale

23. Cellular Respiration Summary The complete breakdown of glucose through cellular respiration (including glycolysis) results in the production of 38 ATP molecules. Glycolysis = 2 ATP Krebs Cycle = 2 ATP Electron Transport Chain = 34 ATP Copyright Cmassengale

24. Cellular Respiration Summary Cellular Respiration Summary Copyright Cmassengale