1. Cellular Respiration

2. Definitions Recall that 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O -> C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 enzymes, light, chlorophyll

4. Cellular Respiration Process where mitochondria break food molecules to = ATP Three stages –Glycolysis –Krebs Cycle –Electron Transport Chain

6. Glycolysis Series of chemical reactions in cytoplasm that break down glucose Glucose 6 carbon = 2 pyruvic acid Three carbon compound 2 ATP to start and only 4 are produced = 2 net ATP for every glucose

7. Forms NADH Anaerobic Other two stages are aerobic Pyruvic acid loses its CO 2 Becomes Acetyl CoA Also forms NADH + H +

8. Glycolysis

9. Krebs Cycle Similar to Calvin Cycle Calvin cycle forms glucose, citric acid cycle breaks down glucose Occurs in matrix of mitochondria Results in NADH and FADH 2 One ATP per turn, 2 turns per glucose

12. Electron Transport Chain Occurs in cristae of mitochondria Series of carriers accepts electrons from glucose NADH and FADH 2 pass along the chain slowly releasing energy Some hydrogen ions used to make ATP, others to make electrochemical gradient

13. Final electron acceptor = oxygen Making this aerobic Makes 32 ATP

16. ATP Production For Each Glucose Glycolysis – Net gain of 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 Pyruvic Acid Acetyl-CoA formation – 2 NADH Krebs – 2 ATP, 6 NADH, & 2 FADH 2 ETC – 32 ATP from NADH & FADH 2

17. Fermentation Sometimes oxygen is scarce Still need to produce ATP Anaerobic Two major types –Lactic Acid fermentation –Alcoholic fermentation

18. Lactic Acid Fermentation Does not go through the electron transport chain 2 pyruvic acids + NADH = 2 lactic acid 2 ATP per glucose Quick burst of energy but goes into oxygen debt and muscle fatigue

19. Alcoholic Fermentation Yeast produces CO2 and ethyl alcohol Also produces two ATP CO 2 forms bubbles In bread, that’s why there are air pockets

20. Recall Overall Equation C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 -> 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy –Exergonic reaction