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Published byBrianna Glenn Modified over 8 years ago
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“Allah” they wanted was a place to call their own
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Flight of Muhammad Quraysh tribe Abbasid Sunni and Shi’ite Mecca Ka’ba Quran Five Pillars Halal Hajj
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Perfect storm socially and geographically Pastoralists in the South were isolated Nomads who protected the Sassanids Surrounded by rivers and deserts
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Completely isolated (Get the Point?!?!) Knew more about Africa & India than the Arabian Peninsula
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Nomads were guides and protected caravans through this region No use of chariots, all camel power Led to the creation of independent cities Spread of culture and ideas (sound familiar?)
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Settled by the Quraysh in the fifth century So far away that no one can attack it.
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Born in Mecca he was orphaned very early and illiterate Worked primarily as a merchant and would often retreat to a cave for prayer At 40, while praying the angel Gabriel came to him and asked him to read Illiterate he began reading the Quran Began preaching the “One God” and “complete surrender” creating Islam Did not become a Jew or Christian as he felt many were living an unfit and unglorified lifestyle
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Many moral and social declines in Arab society at this time and Islam created a unified Arabian empire However, he caused disruption in the order of things and gained many enemies within Mecca He and his followers had conflicts with various factions until he is forced to flee in 622 to Medina After years of conflict he finally returned to Mecca with an army and retook the city solidifying it into a unified Muslim empire
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By death most the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam which unified the region, and he was seen by Muslims as God’s last prophet on Earth Succession issues: After death followers were divided on whom should be next caliph Abu Bakr- (Sunni) His father-in-law and advisor in Islam, followers believed a true follower of Muhammad and Islam should be Caliph. He would win majority vote Ali Ibn Abi Talib- (Shi’ite) His cousin and daughter’s husband. This sect believed only blood family should receive position of Caliph
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Most sacred site of Islam Built by Abraham and his son Ishmael Muhammad changes everything Changes from many idols within to only Allah Makes part of daily life of prayer and part of Hajj Thought to be the first and oldest Mosque in Islamic history
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Overthrow of the last Umayyad in 750 Ruled until the Mongol takeover in 1258 Quickly befriended Ali’s family Capital city was Baghdad Often called the “golden age” due to advances in literature and math
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Used mamluks, Turkish slaves, as a standing army Effective but expensive Mamluks would overthrow caliphs and put those in who favored them Buyid tribe princes took over. Heavy influence over the caliph.
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Turks brought to India Located in the NW 3 rd largest group after Persians and Arabs Smashed Buddhist and Hindu temples Untouchables and lower castes liked Islam Rise of Sikhism, one god (Islam) with karma and rebirth 20% Muslim
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90% Muslim More native speakers Smaller population Sufi mysticism spread
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As well as Ghana, Songhai and Malian Empires Legitimacy with scribes and hajj participants Timbuktu was the educational capital of Islam Prominent with elite
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Muslims, Jews, and Christians live in Cordoba peacefully in the beginning 10 th and 11 th centuries warring started and Muslim controlled power strengthened Reconquista in 1200 Christians regained control
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