1. THE PROPERTIES OF LANGUAGE Introduction to General Linguistics Lectured by: Dra. Catharini Septi NL,M.Pd. R. Silvi Andayani, S.S, M.Pd.

2. What is Language? A language is an arbitrary system of articulated sounds made use of by a group of humans as a means of carrying on the affairs of their society (Francis,1958:13). From the definition above, it can be known: 1.Language is systematic. 2.Language is basically oral, and that the oral symbols represent meaning related to life situations and experiences 3.Language has a social function and without it society would not exist.

3. What is Linguistics ? Linguistics is the scientific study of language. It deals with a particular body of material: spoken and written language. Linguistics is divided into five main branches, they are: 1.Phonetics 2.Phonemics 3.Morphemics 4.Syntax 5.Semantics

4. Definition of the Branches of Linguistics 1.Phonetics is a branch of linguistics dealing with sound features or qualities and their arrangement into speech sounds, or phones. 2.Phonemics is a branch of linguistics dealing with phones and their arrangement into groups or families, called phonemes.

5. 3. Morphemics is a branch of linguistics dealing with speech sounds and their arrangement into meaningful groups called morphs. It is also concerned with the arrangement of these morphs into family called morphemes and their combination of morphemes into words. 4. Syntax is a branch of linguistics dealing with syntactic structures which are called phrases, clauses, and sentences. 5. Semantics is a branch of linguistics dealing with the study of meaning of language.

6. The Properties of Language There are six unique properties of language, they are: 1.Displacement 2.Arbitrariness 3.Productivity 4.Cultural Transmission 5.Discreteness 6.Duality

7. Displacement Displacement is one of properties of human language which the human language – users are perfectly capable of production messages refer to past and future time ; and other location. Displacement is the ability of human language-users to discuss topics which are remote in space and time

8. Arbritrariness Arbitrariness is the relation between a word and its meaning is a matter of convention. Arbitrariness is there is no direct connection between the nature of the things or ideas and the words or combination of words by which these things or ideas are expressed

9. Arbritrariness

10. Productivity Productivity is the ability of human language- users manipulate their linguistic resourses to produce new expressions and new sentences.

11. Productivity

12. Cultural Transmission Cultural Transmission is the property which relates to the fact that a language must be acquired or learned by each new generation. [Picture: China Town in San Francisco, USA]

13. Discretness Discreteness is the sounds used in language are meaningfully distinct.

14. Duality Duality is the ability of human language-users describe the fact that by using a limited set of distinct sounds, human language-users can produce a very large number of sound combinations (words) which are distinct in meaning

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