1. What you should know by now!

2. Levels of Organization Biosphere Biome Ecosystem Community Population Organism

3. Types of Organisms Autotroph = ___________ ex. ___________ Because they carry out the process of _______. Heterotrophs = ________ ex.______ & ______ Because they _______ ________ to get energy.

4. Niche = Decomposers _____________ organic matter into _____________ ________________. Producer converts _________ energy into ________ energy Primary consumer eats: Secondary consumer eats: Tertiary consumer eats:

5. Ecosystems What are ABIOTIC factors? What are BIOTIC factors? How can abiotic factors affect biotic factors? How can biotic factors affect abiotic factors? What things do animals require a habitat to supply?

6. Energy in Ecosystem All energy comes from ________ Base of all food webs are the __________ 90% of energy an organism takes in is used for: 10% of energy an organism takes in is available to: Matter cycles, Energy __________ one way.

7. Pyramids Bottom level has most: Energy Biomass Number of individuals Top level has least of these. Draw a trophic pyramid and label each level.

8. Chains and Webs Both show feeding relationships Who do arrows always point to in a food chain or web? Which is a better model of an ecosystem and why?

9. Species Interactions Symbiosis describes any relationship where organisms live in close contact. Define and give an example of each of these relationships. Mutualism: Commensalism: Parasitism: Competition: Predation:

10. Species Interactions Mutualism +/+ both benefit ex. Flower and insect Competition -/- both lose ex. Horse and cow compete for grass Parasitism +/- one benefits, one harmed ex. Tick feeds on deer Commensalism +/0 one benefits, one not affected ex. Barnacle/whale barnacle carried by whale to new food sources Predation +/- one benefits, one harmed ex. Lion eats deer

11. Keystone Species All members of an ecosystem are interrelated. What characterizes a keystone species? If the keystone species is removed, then the ecosystem _____________________ What is an example of a keystone species from one of our activities?

12. Populations What is Carrying Capacity? What is a limiting factor? What is a limiting factor on the population of humans along the front range in Colorado? What would have been a limiting factor for the population of reindeer on St. Paul Island?

13. Growth Curves Human global population growth graph is an example of an _________________ growth curve. When a population stops growing exponentially and it nears its carrying capacity the line __________ ______. We call this pattern logistic growth.

14. Growth Curves Sketch these and give an example of a population from our activities that would have this type curve.

15. Succession: When one type of organism gradually is replaced by new species. Primary occurs on bare rock. Secondary occurs on soil where a previous community of organisms were living. Climax community is end stage of succession where species change very little. Humans activities such as logging or natural disasters such as fire can start succession over again.

16. Carbon Cycle Carbon leaves the atmosphere and enters plants through the process of photosynthesis. Animals get carbon through their diet. Carbon returns to the atmosphere through respiration decomposition Burning fossil fuels Volcanoes

17. Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen in the atmosphere cannot be used by plants. Plants depend upon Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria in the soil to create compounds plants can use. Animals get nitrogen through their diet.

18. Human Impacts What is the biggest way that humans impact wildlife? What are some negative ways humans impact wildlife? What are some positive ways humans impact wildlife?