3. Biological Treatments of Disorders

4. Stress Psychology

5. Operant Conditioning

6. Names

7. Language

8. Memory

9. $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 Biological Treatments of Disorders Stress Psychology Operant Conditioning Names Language Memory

10. Electroconvulsive therapy is used, only in rare cases, to treat this disorder

11. Depression

12. Drug used to treat bipolar disorder

13. Lithium carbonate

14. Thorazine (used to treat schizophrenia) works as…

15. Dopamine antagonists

16. Name the most common depression drugs and the neurotransmitters they affect

17. SSRIs: Paxil, Zoloft, Prozac SNRI: Effexor (serotonin and norepinephrine)

18. What is an atypical antipsychotic/neuroleptic?

19. Used in 50% of schizophrenia patients; Alters dopamine and serotonin; More effective in reducing negative symptoms; Lessens risk of tardive dyskinesia; Clozaril

20. This type of personality is highly competitive and more susceptible to heart disease

21. Type A

22. What are the three steps in Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome?

23. Alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion

24. Conflict that results when a goal has both desirable and undesirable outcomes

25. Approach-Avoidance

26. Hormone that is released during stressful situations to deal with the stressor

27. Cortisol

28. How does stress affect our immune system?

29. Stress hormones suppress the activity of lymphocytes (white blood cells)

30. Who is the “father” of operant conditioning?

31. B.F. Skinner

32. What does Edward Thorndike’s Law of Effect say?

33. Behaviors with favorable consequences will be repeated; Behaviors with unfavorable consequences will occur less frequently

34. When an undesirable state or event ends, _____ reinforcement has occurred

35. Negative

36. Something that is naturally reinforcing is known as a…

37. Primary reinforcer

38. The reinforcement of behaviors that are more and more similar to the one you want to occur

39. Shaping

40. Father of psychology

41. Wilhelm Wundt

42. Major name in humanistic psychology; Hierarchy of needs

43. Abraham Maslow

44. His law says that in order for a difference to be noticed, two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion, not amount

45. Ernst Weber

46. Misinformation Effect; Major name in reconstructive memory

47. Elizabeth Loftus

48. Stressed the role of culture and cultural difference in cognitive development

49. Lev Vygotsky

50. Set of basic sounds; 40-45 in English language

51. Phoneme

52. Believed that humans are born with an innate ability to produce language

53. Noam Chomsky

54. The rules we use to order words into sentences

55. Syntax

56. The idea that different languages impose different conceptions of reality on our thinking

57. Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis (Benjamin Whorf)

58. Which type of language develops first in children?

59. Receptive (ability to comprehend speech)

60. Three steps in the information processing model

61. Encoding, Storage, Retrieval

62. Three stage processing model

63. Sensory input

64. Unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space, time, and frequency

65. Automatic processing

66. What is the serial position effect?

67. Tendency to recall the first and last items in a sequence (primacy: beginning; recency: end)

68. The encoding of meaning

69. Semantic encoding