1. B ASICS OF C OMPUTERS : C LASSIFICATION, A PPLICATIONS, ADVANTAGES AND L IMITATIONS. Chapter 2 Mr. Mohammed Rahmath

2. C LASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS Mr. Mohammed Rahmath

3. C OMPUTERS BASED ON TECHNOLOGY 1. Digital computer :- using only 0’s and 1’s. 8 bits called a byte. 2. Analog computer :- values keep changing with time. Data may be in voltages, frequencies, temperature etc. E.g. Speedometer 3. Hybrid Computer :-It works as digital and analog computers so, it is called analog-digital computer. Accepts analog signals and converts into digital Mr. Mohammed Rahmath

4. C OMPUTERS FOR ORGANIZATION 1. Micro Computer :- It is powerful, easy maintenance, low cost. It is the most common type of PC and commonly called as desktop. Size is small Less storage The length of lines in the range 8-32 bits E.g.: IBM PC, PS/2 2. Mini computer :- Capabilities between main frame and micro computers. So, called mid-range computers. Word length is 32 bits It is used by small and mid-size business organizations. Mr. Mohammed Rahmath

5. C OMPUTERS FOR ORGANIZATION 3. Main frame computer:- more powerful than micro computers word length size is 48,60 or 64 bits high processing speeds and can store large amounts of data used in research organizations, large industries, and large business and government organizations They need more electricity E.g.: IBM 3000 series, UNIVAC 1180 Mr. Mohammed Rahmath

6. C OMPUTERS FOR ORGANIZATION 4. Super computers :- used for scientific and engineering applications. Word length is 64-96 bit. They can have very large data bases(uses more data). They can do one trillion operations per second. Used in the field of science and defense, designing and launching missiles, weather forecasting, biomedical research Highest speed E.g: CRAY-3, HITAC S-300 Mr. Mohammed Rahmath

7. C LASSIFICATION OF M EMORY Mr. Mohammed Rahmath

8. 1. P RIMARY MEMORY directly used by the CPU. very fast. Volatile memory : The memory that loses its contents when the computer is turned off.(RAM) Since the CPU can read or write the data to the memory they called as read-write memories. Eg. RAM (Random Access Memory): It is temporary memory. Non volatile memory : store data permanently. E.g. ROM (Read Only Memory): The information stored in it can be only be read. Mr. Mohammed Rahmath

9. 2. S ECONDARY M EMORY Its is the permanent memory which stores large amount of information for a long time It’s also called back up memory or auxiliary memory. E.g. Floppy disc, hard disc, CD drive, DVD drive, DivX drive Uses Magnetic property, magneto –optical property, optical property, solid state memory Mr. Mohammed Rahmath

10. 3. C ACHE MEMORY It’s a high speed memory between CPU and main memory. higher speed It stores data and instructions that are currently to be executed Mr. Mohammed Rahmath

11. C OMPUTER A PPLICATIONS 1. Science:- Used by scientists to analyze large quantity of data to analyze the effect of earthquake for satellite launching and remote controlling. 2. Education:- E-Learning. Computers are used for teaching Mr. Mohammed Rahmath

12. C OMPUTER A PPLICATIONS 3. Medicine and Health :- Diagnosing the illness using the computer images and results; they know cause of the disease (scan,x-ray) 4. Engineering/Architecture/Manufacturing:- for planning, designing and drawing the layouts for house, roads, dams etc. 5. Communication:- send and receive e-mails, e-shopping, e-banking, e- commerce, e-learning etc. Mr. Mohammed Rahmath

13. C OMPUTER A PPLICATIONS 6. Business and banking :- For administrative purposes, preparing salary bills. Used in banking, insurance sectors and marketing for online payments and transactions, publishing etc. Online business Mr. Mohammed Rahmath

14. C OMPUTER A PPLICATIONS 7. Governments:- Used for weather forecasting, in military, satellite launching and controlling, communication, e- government etc. For police force to search for the information on criminals, crime scenes, driving licenses etc. 8. Entertainment:- Used in music industry, games etc. Computer animation and colorful graphics with multimedia effect. Mr. Mohammed Rahmath

15. A DVANTAGES /M ERITS OF COMPUTERS 1. Speed:- very high speed and Speed is measured in MIPS and BIPS. 2. Accuracy:- The results are very correct. 3. Reliability:- It gives correct and consistent result always 4. Storage capability:- store large amounts of data 5. Versatility:- can do different types of jobs 6. Diligence :- it won’t get tired Mr. Mohammed Rahmath

16. D ISADVANTAGES /D E -M ERITS OF COMPUTERS 1. Non-Intelligent:- It just do the given operations. It does not think. It does not possess any intelligent for analyzing the problem. 2. Inactive:- if No power supply, it won’t work. Mr. Mohammed Rahmath

17. EditorsAssemblerCompilerInterpreter to enter program and edit it converting assembly language instructions to machine instruction by a assembler high level language translates into machine language Line by line compilation Debugging is easy Debugging is faster Debugging is slow E.g.: Turbo CE.g,: TASME.g. TC computer Eg: BASIC Mr. Mohammed Rahmath

18. E ND OF C HAPTER 2 Mr. Mohammed Rahmath