1. O Level Geog Elective Workbook Pg 25 - Practice

2. Question 1(a), Pg 25 1. a) Possible Answers: At the early stages of its development, a country is likely to have an agricultural economy. This means that the majority of its people is engaged in primary activities such as farming and mining. Only a very small % of its people is employed in the secondary and tertiary sectors. As the country becomes industrialized, more people will be engaged in the secondary sector while the number of people engaged in the primary sector declines. Eventually, when the country becomes developed and its economy is one which is service- oriented and knowledge-based, the number of people engaged in the tertiary sector becomes more than the number of people in the primary and secondary sectors. At the early stages of its development, a country is likely to have an agricultural economy. This means that the majority of its people is engaged in primary activities such as farming and mining. Only a very small % of its people is employed in the secondary and tertiary sectors. As the country becomes industrialized, more people will be engaged in the secondary sector while the number of people engaged in the primary sector declines. Eventually, when the country becomes developed and its economy is one which is service- oriented and knowledge-based, the number of people engaged in the tertiary sector becomes more than the number of people in the primary and secondary sectors.

3. Question 1(b) (i), Pg 27 1b)(i). Possible answers: In the 1960s, 89% of the people employed in Burundi; 4% in the secondary sector and 7% in the tertiary sector. From the employment structure, it can be concluded that Burundi in the 1960s was in the early stages of development. For Brazil, the proportion of workers in the various sectors was as floows: 49% in the primary sector, 17% in the secondary sector and 34% in the tertiary sector. Brazil in the 1960s was more developed than Burundi but it was still considered a developing country.. For the UK, 3% of the workers were engaged in the primary sector, 46% in the secondary sector and 51% in the tertiary sector. In the 1960s, 89% of the people employed in Burundi; 4% in the secondary sector and 7% in the tertiary sector. From the employment structure, it can be concluded that Burundi in the 1960s was in the early stages of development. For Brazil, the proportion of workers in the various sectors was as floows: 49% in the primary sector, 17% in the secondary sector and 34% in the tertiary sector. Brazil in the 1960s was more developed than Burundi but it was still considered a developing country.. For the UK, 3% of the workers were engaged in the primary sector, 46% in the secondary sector and 51% in the tertiary sector.

4. Question 1(b) (ii), Pg 28 1b)(ii). Possible answers: The length of each line on the graph reflects the rate of development of the countries, i.e. the longer the line, the more rapid the rate of development of the country. From the graph, Burundi has the most rapid rate of development, followed by Brazil and then the United Kingdom. The length of each line on the graph reflects the rate of development of the countries, i.e. the longer the line, the more rapid the rate of development of the country. From the graph, Burundi has the most rapid rate of development, followed by Brazil and then the United Kingdom.

5. Question 2(a), Pg 29 2a) Possible answers: Figure 5.6 shows that a developing country experiences a longer life expectancy than a developed country. A difference between the two countries exists because a developed country is able to provide better health care for its people. There are more doctors available for people in developed countries as compared to developing countries. Health care facilities are also generally better and more readily available. Thus mothers could receive better medical care and their babies would also be better taken care of when they are born. Babies born in developed countries also enjoy better nutrition compared to those born in developing countries. Living conditions in developing countries are also generally less hygienic and babies are more likely to contract diseases and infections. Figure 5.6 shows that a developing country experiences a longer life expectancy than a developed country. A difference between the two countries exists because a developed country is able to provide better health care for its people. There are more doctors available for people in developed countries as compared to developing countries. Health care facilities are also generally better and more readily available. Thus mothers could receive better medical care and their babies would also be better taken care of when they are born. Babies born in developed countries also enjoy better nutrition compared to those born in developing countries. Living conditions in developing countries are also generally less hygienic and babies are more likely to contract diseases and infections.

6. Question 2(b), Pg 30 2b) Possible answers: People over 65, being economically inactive, will have to depend on those economically active to support them. This means that a larger proportion of the taxes collected by the government from the economically active people will be spent on providing the aged with a reasonable standard of living. These people will have to be fed, housed and taken care of. Money will have to be spent building healthcare facilities and providing services to take care of their other needs. The same money could have been used by the government to develop the country. For example, the money could have been used to educate people or build infrastructure to encourage the growth of industries. Hence, a country with a large proportion of people over 65 may experience a slow rate of economic development compared to one with fewer economically inactive people. People over 65, being economically inactive, will have to depend on those economically active to support them. This means that a larger proportion of the taxes collected by the government from the economically active people will be spent on providing the aged with a reasonable standard of living. These people will have to be fed, housed and taken care of. Money will have to be spent building healthcare facilities and providing services to take care of their other needs. The same money could have been used by the government to develop the country. For example, the money could have been used to educate people or build infrastructure to encourage the growth of industries. Hence, a country with a large proportion of people over 65 may experience a slow rate of economic development compared to one with fewer economically inactive people.

7. Question 2(c), Pg 31 2c) Possible answers: The energy consumption per person in a developing country tends to be lower as much work is done manually and electricity is not required. Such countries do not have as many machinery as developed countries where power is required to run the machines. Even in day-to-say living, people in developing countries use less energy as they do not possess many equipment and gadgets eg. Electrical appliances etc. that require power to run. Energy consumption per person is a good indicator of a country’s development as it indicates the level of development of the country’s industries as well as shows the standard of living of the country’s population. The energy consumption per person in a developing country tends to be lower as much work is done manually and electricity is not required. Such countries do not have as many machinery as developed countries where power is required to run the machines. Even in day-to-say living, people in developing countries use less energy as they do not possess many equipment and gadgets eg. Electrical appliances etc. that require power to run. Energy consumption per person is a good indicator of a country’s development as it indicates the level of development of the country’s industries as well as shows the standard of living of the country’s population.