1. APA

2. What is APA? Citation style Prevents plagiarism Let’s the reader know where you retrieved your information from Everything that is not common knowledge must be cited

3. Basic Rules (Reference Pages) Reference page goes at the end of the paper on it’s own page. Center the word “References” on the top of the page Double-spaced Include hanging indents Only use the 1 st initial of the author’s 1 st name and middle initial (if there is one) Use Times New Roman Font, size 12

4. Basic Rules (Reference Pages) There must be a reference for every source you use in your paper Each entry ends with a period unless it’s a URL

5. Basic Rules (Reference Page Entries) References go in alphabetical order according to author’s last name, if no author, use title. Article and book titles are not capitalized except for the first word and proper nouns Journal and magazine titles use stand capitalization The publication years always goes in parentheses Always italicize the publication title and volume number

6. Basic Rules (Reference Page Entries) Never abbreviate URL’s Electronic sources require a DOI number or a “retrieval statement” that states the database name or URL where it was retrieved

7. Authors Last name, First initial, Middle initial Andrews, L.A. No Author Use the book or article title before date Two Authors Separate with an ampersand (&) 3 – 6 Authors Separate each using a comma and the last 2 with an ampersand

8. Authors 7 or more authors List the first 6, seperating each with a comma and then add “et al” Example: Smith, Hornel, Brown, Stern, Martin, Ladish, Keenan, et al. Corporate/Group Author Example: American Library Association

9. Examples of Print Sources Books: pg. 8 Newspapers: pg. 10 Encyclopedias: pg. 9 Magazines: pg 11

10. Examples of Electronic Sources Web Pages: pg. 14 Database Article: EBSCOhost: pg. 10 Gale: pg.12 Online Newspaper: pg. 11 Blogs/Wikis: pg. 15

11. Questions?

12. In-text Citations These are located within your paper and are part of your sentence Must go in parentheses Must include the following: author, year and page or paragraph number

13. In-text Citations Must include the following: Author’s last name If no author, use the abbreviated title in quotation marks Year Published If no date, use n.d. Page number for print sources or paragraph number (para or ¶) for electronic sources

14. WHEN and WHY YOU USE THEM Every time you quote, paraphrase or summarize someone else’s work. This gives the reader enough information to find the source on your reference page.

15. EXAMPLES Oil is America’s biggest import (Smith, 2007, p. 3). They import 75% of the country's oil supply (Gooden, 2006, ¶ 3). Increasing oil prices are contributing to America producing more energy efficient products, such as vehicles (“Oil, what’s the problem,” 2008, para 2).

16. Questions?

17. B&S APA Guide Go to the B&S Virtual Library Login Go to the Syracuse Campus Portal Click on APA Style Guide