1. And other things… DISADVANTAGES

2. BUT FIRST, LETS REVIEW FOR THE QUIZ The quiz on Wednesday will be open note and will cover the two primary topics and will require you to use your notes to analyze and understand (you will also need to remember claim, data, warrant) Topic #1: Stock Issues – These are the Affirmative Responsibilities These responsibilities are the prima facie burdens of the affirmative Inherency – is there a barrier that is preventing change from occurring now? Harms – what is the problem caused by this inaction? Significance – how important is the problem? Solvency – how does the plan attempt to resolve the problem? Topicality – is the plan related to the resolution? In order for the affirmative to win, they must prove all five of these components of the plan are true

3. BUT FIRST, LETS REVIEW FOR THE QUIZ Topic #2: Oil Exploration – this is the affirmative that we will be discussing in class all semester You will need to be able to understand the key concepts associated with the affirmative A copy of the file is available on Moodle Inherency: structural and attitudinal barriers to increased oil drilling Harm Area 1: Oil dependency Significance: dependency constrains US military supremacy Harm Area 2: Economy Significance: oil drilling causes job growth which prevents economic collapse Solvency: Increased oil drilling makes the US more oil independent and boosts the economy

4. DISADVANTAGES (INTRODUCTION) A disadvantage is a bad circumstance that results from the adoption of the affirmative plan In other words, it is a negative result of the plan This is an essential part of the negative strategy and is a basic part of cost-benefit analysis (weighing the risks versus the benefits)

5. DISADVANTAGES (INTRODUCTION) There are four parts of a disadvantage that we are going to talk about Uniqueness Link Internal Link Impact

6. UNIQUENESS Uniqueness arguments are about what is happening in the status quo It makes the argument that the present system prevents a harmful effect from occurring This is similar to an affirmative inherency argument The negative must prove that the affirmative plan uniquely causes a problem An important component of Uniqueness claims is the Brink / Threshold the brink argument explains how close we are to the point of no return The closer you are to the brink, the more likely you are to trigger the impact

7. LINK The link is how the plan causes the negative effect of the disadvantage Or how the plan changes the status quo You want the link to be as specific as possible – it determines the strength of the push Generic links are about the resolution Specific links are about the affirmative

8. INTERNAL LINK What change the plan causes to the status quo This is thought of as the negatives significance argument It proves that the effect that the plan has on the status quo is substantial enough to cause a new harm

9. IMPACT The ultimate effect of the disad Factors for good impacts Magnitude – how big Timeframe – how quickly Probability – how likely Turns case – how does it interact with the 1AC Most important point of clash between the affirmative and the negative

10. EXAMPLE #1 Uniqueness: The United States economy is strong now Link: Increasing oil exploration hurts the economy due to oil spills Internal Link: oil spills harm the coastal economy of California. Collapse of California’s economy spills over to the United States economy because it is the fifth largest economy in the world Impact: Collapse of the United States Economy causes war

11. EXAMPLE #2 Uniqueness: Oil Prices are High Now Link: United States Oil Drilling Reduces Global Oil Prices Internal Link: Russia’s Economy Depends on High Oil Prices Impact: Collapse of Russia’s Economy causes Red Spread

12. REVIEW Disadvantages are a critical component of the negatives’ strategy in a debate Based in cost-benefit analysis it uses the logic of cause and effect There are four parts of a disadvantage Uniqueness – the status quo Link – how the affirmative changes the status quo Internal Link – the significance of that change Impact – the importance of that change

13. IN CLASS DISCUSSION [in class discussion of supply and demand + the thesis of the oil prices disadvantage]

14. WHAT A DISADVANTAGE LOOKS LIKE - UNIQUENESS

15. WHAT A DISADVANTAGE LOOKS LIKE – LINK

16. WHAT A DISADVANTAGE LOOKS LIKE – INTERNAL LINK

17. WHAT A DISADVANTAGE LOOKS LIKE – IMPACT

18. WHICH GETS US TO CRAZY STUFF LIKE THIS…

19. OR THIS…

20. ANSWERING THE DISADVANTAGE The Affirmative must respond to the disadvantage (otherwise they will lose) Known as a 2AC BLOCK or 2AC Frontline It is a prewritten block that usually combines 5-7 of these arguments There are several different ways that the affirmative can respond to the disadvantage that can be broken down in the same way that we think about the four parts of the argument Uniqueness Link Internal Link Impact

21. ANSWERING UNIQUENESS There are two primary arguments that the affirmative can use to respond to the uniqueness argument Non-Unique Means that there is an alternative way to look at the status quo Example: oil prices are low or declining Uniqueness Overwhelms the Link / No Brink Means that the uniqueness is more powerful than the link Example: oil prices will never collapse

22. ANSWERING THE LINK There are four primary means that the affirmative can respond to the link argument of the disadvantage No Link – The Affirmative Does Not affect the status quo Example: Drilling does not affect the price of oil Empirically Denied – Argument by analogy – In the past, events similar to the affirmative did not result in dramatic changes Example: When the US increased drilling in the past, it did not alter prices No Link Uniqueness – The link is not specific to the affirmative / other things will cause the impact Example: the transition to renewable energy will cause a collapse in oil prices Link Turn – The affirmative makes the situation better Example: Drilling for oil stabilizes high oil prices

23. ANSWERING THE INTERNAL LINK There are two different ways that the affirmative can respond to the internal link – it tests the CAUSAL LOGIC between the link and the impact No Internal Link The impact is not significant / There is no connection between the link and the impact Example: High oil prices are not key to the Russian Economy Internal Link Turn The affirmative strengthens the significance of the disadvantage Example: Drilling for oil strengthens Russia’s Economy / Making Russia less dependent on oil ensures stability

24. ANSWERING THE IMPACT Three Critical Arguments Case Outweighs – The affirmative impacts are more important This uses impact comparisons based on Magnitude, Timeframe, and Probability Example: the impact of the US economy is more important than the Russia economy No Impact – There is no harm to the disadvantage Example: Russia will not go to war Impact turn – The result of the disadvantage is a good thing Example: Collapsing Russia’s Economy is a good thing / Going to war with Russia is a good thing

25. OVERVIEWS Should be prewritten and ready to go before the round starts Overview components -Short description of the DA story -Probability analysis -Timeframe analysis -Magnitude analysis -How does the DA turn the case?

26. EXTENDING THE DISADVANTAGE IN THE BLOCK