1. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Chapter 14 Nursing, Healing, and Caring

2. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Nursing’s Therapeutic Value Nursing –Diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems (ANA, 2004) –Blend of art and science Purposes of nursing Nursing and healing

3. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Theoretical Perspectives of Caring Watson –Theory of human caring Leininger –Transcultural care theory Benner –Novice to expert model

4. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Care in the High-Technology Environment Clients want caring from nurses Prevent depersonalization by: –Checking on client Rather than just equipment –Responding to client promptly –Communicating interest in what client says –Spending time with client

5. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Nurse-Client Relationship Basis of nursing (Peplau, 1952) Phases of therapeutic relationship: –Orientation –Working –Termination

6. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Orientation Phase Client behaviors: –Feel anxious –Test Nurse behaviors: –Provide specific information –Project calm, relaxed attitude –Answer questions consistently and reliably

7. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Working Phase Client behaviors: –Ask questions –Seek clarification –Behave attentively –Inquire about own role in recovery (continued)

8. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Working Phase Nurse behaviors: –Re-evaluate goals –Support realistic problem solving

9. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Termination Phase Client behaviors: –Welcome final phase –Resist termination Nurse behaviors: –Evaluate goals

10. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Therapeutic Use of Self Deliberate plan of action Verbal and nonverbal communication Take time to “be” with client

11. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Caring and Communication Communication –How compassion and caring demonstrated to client

12. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Characteristics of Therapeutic Relationships Warmth Hope Rapport Trust Empathy Acceptance Active listening (continued)

13. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Characteristics of Therapeutic Relationships Humor Compassion Self-awareness Nonjudgmental approach Flexibility Risk taking

14. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Therapeutic Value of the Nursing Process Focuses on client’s response to illness, disease, or disability –Rather than just on problem

15. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Nursing Roles Caregiver Counselor Teacher Client advocate Change agent Team member Resource person