1. Immigration On the boats and on the planes They're coming to America

2. From Where???  1840-1860  93% Northern and Western Europe  3% Eastern and Southern Europe  1880-1900  61% Northern and Western Europe  31% Eastern and Southern Europe  6% North and South America  1.5% Asia

3. To Where…  Cities on the East Coast  New york  Baltimore  Boston  Washington D.C.  Philadelphia  Factories, support, little money

5. Ellis Island 1892-1924 over 12 million immigrants passed through Ellis Island Processing took 3-7 hours -Inspectors board ship and checked for any contagious diseases such as cholera, plague, typhoid, measles and diphtheria -Medical Exam search for disease in the eyes called trachoma -Interrogation double checked the name, age, religion, last residence, sex, civil status and if the immigrant should met up with some relative -Money Exchange and train tix -Only 2% of all the immigrants who went to America had to return to their homecountry after the check-up at Ellis Island

6. First to arrive Annie Moore is long thought to be the first immigrant to be processed through Ellie Island. Age 15 years USS Nevada for 12 days Parents left Ireland 2 years prior Travelled with 2 younger brothers Parents lived in New York City Arrived January 1, 1892 Was given a $10 gold piece 17 million more people would pass through Ellis Island

7. A New Life  Many settled in Immigrant Neighborhoods  Familiar language, food and styles  Home…  Founded own newspapers, schools, clubs and places of worship  Opened shops, extended credit to new immigrants  Tenement's were formed  Many found jobs in factories  Specialized skills flourished

8. Opposition to Immigration  Labor Unions  Immigrants would take jobs from native born Americans  Nativist  Racial and ethnic prejudices  New immigrants wouldn’t “learn American culture”  Chinese Exclusion Act  First time a nationality was banned from entering the country  Violated treaties with China  1896 another law restricting convicts, diseased, and those needing public assistance

9. Growth of Cities  By 1850 40% of US population lived in cities  Immigration lead to growth  Freed slaves moved to northern cities  Farms  Mechanical equipment replaced employees  Chicago was a Boomtown  1850 30,000 people; 1900 1.7 million  Railroads heading west  Meatpacking plants  Great Lakes

10. Changing Cities  Skyscrapers  American Steel Companies  Elevators  Mass Transit  Elevated tracks  Subways  Cable Cars/Trolleys  Suburbs  Residential areas outside of downtown

11. Problems Causes  Overcrowding  Unsafe Buildings  Unsanitary conditions  Scarce running water  Poor Ventilation Effects  Disease (tuberculosis)  High child death rates  Fire  Crime

12. Improvements  Jane Addams – 1860-1935…1931 Nobel Peace Prize  Hull House  English Classes  Day care  Cooking and sewing classes  Club meetings  Art classes  Sports  Plays