1. U.O.I project Water pollution and the O-zone By Arman Kashif

2. UNIT OF INQUIRY TOPIC How is water pollution harming the O- zone layer? –1–1–1–1.What is the O-zone layer? –2–2–2–2.Can water pollution lead to global warming? –3–3–3–3.What can you do to stop the destruction of the O-zone layer? –4–4–4–4.How can water pollution or the O-zone layer destruction kill living life?

3. KEY FINDINGS I thought that water pollution, ozone layer and global warming are connected to each other and therefore I chose this topic for my UOI. After the research I found that that there is no direct relationship between the three topics. These are 3 different subjects and one does not affect the other. My work therefore presents these issues separately.

4. What is the O-zone layer? 1.The O-zone layer is in the stratosphere circling the earth. 2.The layer shields the entire earth from much of the harmful radiation from the sun. 3.O-zone is a special form of oxygen made up of 3 oxygen atoms. 4.The O-zone layer absorbs 93-99% of the suns high frequency radiation.

5. PICTURE SHOWING O-ZONE LAYER

6. Today, there is widespread concern that the ozone layer is deteriorating due to the release of pollution containing the chemicals chlorine and bromine. Such deterioration allows large amounts of ultraviolet B rays to reach Earth, which can cause skin cancer and cataracts in humans and harm animals as well. Researchers also have documented changes in the reproductive rates of young fish, shrimp, and crabs as well as frogs and salamanders exposed to excess ultraviolet B. One atom of chlorine can destroy more than a hundred thousand ozone molecules, according to the the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency The ozone layer above the Antarctic has been particularly impacted by pollution since the mid-1980s. This region’s low temperatures speed up the conversion of CFCs to chlorine. In the southern spring and summer, when the sun shines for long periods of the day, chlorine reacts with ultraviolet rays, destroying ozone on a massive scale, up to 65 percent. This is what some people erroneously refer to as the "ozone hole." In other regions, the ozone layer has deteriorated by about 20 percent About 90 percent of CFCs currently in the atmosphere were emitted by industrialized countries in the Northern Hemisphere, including the United States and Europe. These countries banned CFCs by 1996, and the amount of chlorine in the atmosphere is falling now. But scientists estimate it will take another 50 years for chlorine levels to return to their natural levels. How can water pollution or the O-zone layer destruction kill living life FACTS ABOUT THE O-zone layer / How can water pollution or the O-zone layer destruction kill living life

7. Can water pollution lead to global warming? 1.Water pollution can’t directly lead to global warming. 2.The only way it can, is when oil spills, because the chemicals in the oil are harmful to the O-zone layer. 3.The indirect ways that harm the O-zone layer are CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons). 4.CFCs are usually found in hairsprays, Ac s or refrigerators. 5.CFCs harm the O-zone layer because when CFCs are un reactive they will rise from the atmosphere to the stratosphere and the chlorine in the CFC gases will kill the O-zone particles.

8. How can water pollution kill living life? 5.Tropical diseases could be spread on humans or animals because of the bad pollution. 6.Animals can die.

9. What is Global Warming? GLOBAL WARMING is the increase of the Earth’s average surface temperature due to a build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. is the increase of the Earth’s average surface temperature due to a build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

10. How Global Warming Works Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Greenhouse gases

11. The "greenhouse effect" is the warming that happens when certain gases in Earth's atmosphere trap heat. These gases let in light but keep heat from escaping, like the glass walls of a greenhouse. First, sunlight shines onto the Earth's surface, where it is absorbed and then radiates back into the atmosphere as heat. In the atmosphere, “greenhouse” gases trap some of this heat, and the rest escapes into space. The more greenhouse gases are in the atmosphere, the more heat gets trapped. This greenhouse effect is what keeps the Earth's climate livable. Without it, the Earth's surface would be an average of about 60 degrees Fahrenheit cooler. In 1895, the Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius discovered that humans could enhance the greenhouse effect by making carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. He kicked off 100 years of climate research that has given us a sophisticated understanding of global warming Scientists often use the term "climate change" instead of global warming. This is because as the Earth's average temperature climbs, winds and ocean currents move heat around the globe in ways that can cool some areas, warm others, and change the amount of rain and snow falling. As a result, the climate changes differently in different areas. FACTS ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING

12. CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING 1

13. CO 2 from airplanes & vehicles 2

14. POPULATION INCREASE 3

15. What can you do to stop global warming? 1.Instead of using CFCs manufacturers could use CFAs in their products. 2.You would use CFAs because they are less harmful to the environment. 3.Use compact florescent bulbs because you will avoid 1,430 lbs. of carbon dioxide pollution. 4.Plant trees because they help produce oxygen. 5.Use O-zone friendly products.

16. We can stop global warming!

17. Turn off your computer or the TV when you’re not using it. Turn off your computer or the TV when you’re not using it.

18. Turn off the lights when you leave a room.

19. Be Bulb Smart—Use CFLs Incandescent Compact Fluorescent 500 lbs. of coal 1,430 lbs. CO 2 pollution avoided $30 saved

20. Dress lightly when it’s hot instead of turning up the air conditioning.

21. Unplug unused electronics

22. Plant trees.

23. Recycle.

24. Drive LESS, drive SMART Use a bicycle or bus

25. Wind Power

26. Solar Power

27. Fuel efficient cars

28. Thank you for viewing my presentation