3. Day 1 Write in your notes: I can explain the importance of Mendel’s experiments to the study of genetics.

4. Read the information below and then answer the questions. SpongeBob and Patrick love to go jellyfishing. They wondered if a new brand of jellyfish bait would help them catch more jellyfish. To test their idea, they bought a big container of bait for their next 3 trips to their top-secret fishing spot. SpongeBob fished without any bait, while Patrick used the new bait. Both of them kept track of how many jellyfish they caught in 30 minutes, which is shown in the chart. 1.Which person was the control? 2. What is the independent variable? 3. What is the dependent variable? 4. Based on the data, how would you rate the new bait? SpongeBobPatrick 2524 1828 2619 SpongeBob Jellyfish Bait Number of jellyfish caught The bait appears to have helped a small amount, but shouldn’t be rated as a great deal. Overall Patrick caught 2 more jellyfish than SpongeBob.

5. Genetics refers to the study of inherited biological traits. At its most complex level, genetics is the study of the science of the billions of tiny building blocks that form an organism. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVk0twJYL6Y Hyperlink: What makes you you?

6. Gregor Mendel is considered to be the “father” of the science of genetics. Born a poor peasant farmer in the early 1800’s, Mendel entered a monastery as a young adult. While there, Mendel experimented with growing 7 different types of peas. He noticed there were specific physical characteristics ranging from flower color to the shape of the pea that were passed on through fertilization. Mendel began to experiment with these different types of peas, crossbreeding them, etc. He was able to discover that certain physical traits were dominant, or stronger than others. From his studies, laws of heredity were born. Later, genetic scientists used fruit flies for genetic research. They were cheap and bred fast. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0vAAf4g5 iF8

7. Mendelian Traits Genetic scientists have been able to create a huge list of dominant and recessive traits. Will learn what this means later. These traits are referred to as Mendelian Traits after Gregor Mendel. They include such things as: Free (Dominant) vs. attached earlobes. Straight thumb (D) vs. “Hitchhiker” thumb. Tongue roll (D) Let’s take a few minutes and use the Mendelian checklist to survey our fellow students for dominant and recessive traits…

8. Tongue Rolling (dominant)

9. Free earlobes- dominant

10. Cleft chin-dominant

11. Dimples- dominant

12. Freckles-dominant

13. no- hitchhiker’s thumb: dominant

14. Widow’s peak

15. Webbed toes are usually an inherited trait. “Webbed” doesn’t mean webbed like a frog’s feet.

16. This is a DOMINANT trait. We will learn that this does not mean that it is more common than the normal five fingered hand. Dominance and commonality are not the same thing.

17. Straight Thumb Hitchhiker's Thumb Mid Digital Hair Naturally Curly Hair Naturally Straight Hair Widow's Peak Freckles Webbed Toes or Hands Cleft Chin Baldness Long Middle Toe(s) Finger Flex Thumb Crossing (right over left) Thumb Crossing (left over right) Brown Eyes Blue Eyes Hazel Eyes Green Eyes Brown Hair Black Hair Blond Hair Red Hair Dimples We are now going to survey the members of this class and create a graph using the data.

19. CLOSING/FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT WRITE IN YOUR INTERACTIVE NOTEBOOK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 1. ____________________ control individual traits. 2. ____________________ is considered the father of the study of genetics. 3. All complex organisms have ___________ of every gene. 4. List three important discoveries about heredity made by Mendel during his experiments with garden peas. A. Organisms have two genes for every trait, and they may be different forms of the gene. B. Some forms of genes are stronger than others. C. Some traits can remain hidden in one generation but appear in the next. Genes Mendel two

20. Day 2 Write in your notes: I can explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait.

21. Read the information below and then answer the questions. SpongeBob loves to grow flowers for his pal Sandy, who loves big, colorful flowers. He found a new brand of seeds coated with a special “booster” fertilizer that said it would produce huge flowers. He planted 5 of the new seeds in one container and 5 of the old brand of seeds in another container. He placed both containers on a sunny windowsill and watered them every day. He measured the diameter of each flower, which is shown in the chart. 1.Which group was the control? 2. What is the independent variable? 3. What is the dependent variable? 4. What is the average diameter for each group? Old Seeds10 cm12 cm14 cm6 cm8 cm New Seeds8 cm14 cm10 cm12 cm16 cm 5. Which seeds are the best for big flowers? The seeds without the booster fertilizer Booster fertilizer on the new seeds Size or diameter of the flower Old = 10 cm, New = 12 cm New seeds w/ the booster

22. DNA is the building blocks of life. DNA molecules join to form genes. Genes control individual traits like eye color. Genes join to form Chromosomes. All of your chromosomes together form your Genome. Your genome is your entire genetic make-up. Think Don’t Go Crazy Guys. The DNA molecules are the letters that are used to form the words. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z The letters are put together to form words. Words are the genes, each of which controls a different trait (so is a different “word.”) Genes, like words, vary in length. Some genes are made up of more “letters” or sections of DNA. p l e a s e a tt e n t i o n c l o s e p a y t h e t o t e a c h e r The words (genes) are placed together to make sentences. The sentences are the chromosomes. Like sentences, chromosomes vary in length. Some chromosomes can have hundreds of “words/genes” in them. P l e a s e p a y c l o s e a tt e n t i o n t o t h e t e a c h e r. Finally, the chromosomes join together to form the complete genome---all the genetic info found inside the nuclei of each cell in your body. These chromosomes (sentences) joined together form a book. The book of YOUR life.

23. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses. The main role of DNA molecules is the long-term storage of information. DNA is often compared to a set of blueprints, since it contains the instructions needed to construct other components of cells, such as proteins. DNA molecules are in the memorable shape of a double helix, a spiral ladder. Each rung of the spiral ladder consists of two paired chemicals called bases. There are four types of bases. They are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). Certain bases always pair together (AT and GC). Different arrangements (known as sequences) of base pairs form coded messages. In other words, the way these bases are arranged determines which genetic trait it will effect. http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=iLx_Uz_xi AQ DNA Bill Nye

24. Remember that before all cells divide, they must create an exact copy of their DNA first. DNA when it is flattened out is said to look like a ladder or a zipper. When the DNA divides in half, picture unzipping a jacket.

25. PO 4

26. Each strand builds up its partner by adding the appropriate nucleotides

27. Genes – DNA molecules join together to form genes. Genes join together to form chromosomes. Humans have 23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes—1/2 from each parent. The nucleus of a human cell contains thousands of genes. This complete set of genes is called the genome.

28. Genes – Genes control individual traits like hair color, free earlobes, toe length, and thousands of other traits. Complex organisms have two genes for each of these traits, one from each parent. These gene pairs are known as alleles. These two alleles in the pair may be the same form of the gene (both genes for hazel eyes) or different forms of the gene (one for hazel eyes, one for blue eyes.) Different forms of the SAME gene for eye color If a person has two different forms of the same gene, what color eyes will that person have? It depends. Remember Mendel learned that some forms of genes beat out other forms of the same gene. In the case of eye color, the brown eye form of the gene always beats the blue eye form. With regards to hair color, brown always beats red. The form of the allele that is the stronger form is known as the dominant allele. The other form is the recessive allele. (Important note: Eye color is often used in genetics examples because it is easy, but these examples are not entirely accurate. Eye color is actually determined by two or three different genes. One controls color, another the amount of dark pigment.) Hazel formblue form

29. Genotype/Genome- The term genotype refers to the combination of alleles a person has for a particular trait. A person’s genotype is represented by two letters. CAPITAL letters are always used to indicate a dominant allele. LOWER CASE letters are used to indicated a recessive allele. For example, with Mendel’s pea plants, the color purple was dominant in the flowers. The color white was recessive. Rather than use ‘w’ we use the same letter as the dominant but in lower case instead. Since each plant will have a pair of alleles for every trait including flower color, a plant may have any of the following allele pairs or GENOTYPES:

30. Phenotype- the genetic traits that are visible in an organism are referred to as the organism’s phenotype. A person’s blue eyes, brown hair, long toes, and big ears are all visible signs of her phenotype. Perhaps the term “activated” is more accurate. Not all phenotype traits are clear to see by just looking at a person. For example, a person can inherit the physical traits from a parent that lead to high blood pressure. You can’t look at a person and see that he or she has high blood pressure, but there are ways to measure it. 1. A plant with this genotype would have what color flowers? 2. A plant with this genotype would have what color flowers? 3. A plant with this genotype would have what color flowers?

31. Homozygous allele pairs have identical alleles for the same gene (the prefix homo means “same.”) For example, let’s suppose there are two different forms of the allele controlling the shape of a pea. The dominant form of the allele (Y) is the round, smooth shape. The recessive form of the allele (y) is the wrinkled shape. If the allele pairs contain identical forms of the allele (YY or yy ), they are homozygous. Y allele makes the pea round and smooth y allele makes the pea bumpy. YY seed is round, smooth yy seed is bumpy

32. Heterozygous allele pairs have different forms of the same gene (Rr) [see above] (The prefix hetero means “different.”) Y Dominant allele makes the pea round and smooth y recessive allele makes the pea bumpy. Yy gene pairs have one allele for the round smooth pea and one allele for the bumpy pea. So, for plants that have the Yy gene pair, what shape will the seed be?

33. Hybrid vs. Purebred Let’s take a look at fuzzy bunnies. In a bunch of bunnies, we have some that are white and some that are black. In the world of bunnies, black is dominant over white. Since all bunnies have two forms of the same gene, there are two ways that baby bunnies can be born black: If the capital B stands for Black and the lower case b stands for white These two bunnies look the same. But genetically they are not

34. This bunny is black. His phenotype is black. This bunny received two black fur alleles, so his genotype is BB. His allele pair is homozygous. Animals and plants that are homozygous for a particular are known as purebreds. This Fluffy bunny received one black allele from his mother but he received a white allele from his father. His phenotype is still black. His alleles are Bb, so the pair is heterozygous. Since black is dominant over white, the bunny had to turn out black. In this case, the bunny is not considered a purebred. He is considered a hybrid for black fur. Animals and plants that are heterozygous for a particular trait are known as hybrids.

35. This fuzzy bunny is white. What is its phenotype? white What is its genotype? bb Is it a purebred or a hybrid for white? It would be impossible for it to be a hybrid for a recessive trait. He is a purebred white rabbit.

36. Let’s practice Let’s say that long toes are dominant (T) and short toes are recessive (t) 1. What possible genotypes could a person have for toes? TT, Tt, tt 2. If her genotype is… …which is (het/hom) …then her phenotype would be 3. Kyle has really long toes. What possible genotypes might he have? ___________ TT Tt tt Homozygouslong toes Heterozygouslong toes also Homozygousshort toes TT or Tt

37. Closing/Formative Assessment Round nose (R) is dominant over pointy noses (r) in the Smoogle population. 1. What genotype(s) will result in a round nose? RR and Rr 2. If Snorglet is heterozygous for round nose, what is his genotype? Rr 3. Chilipop has genotype rr. What is her phenotype? Pointy nose. 4. __________ control individual traits. Genes

38. Day 3 Write in your notes: I can predict inheritance patterns caused by dominant and recessive traits. http://www.brainpop.co m/health/geneticsgrow thanddevelopment/gen etics/ BrainPop: Genetics

39. Science Starter

40. Suppose Mr. X’s two genes (alleles) for eye color are different forms of the gene. One is blue, the other brown. 1. If ‘B’ represents brown and ‘b’ represents blue, what will Mr. X’s genotype be? Bb 2. What color eyes MUST Mr. X have if brown is dominant over blue? Brown since brown is dominant over blue. 3. If brown is dominant over blue, which form of the gene will be in each sperm that results from meiosis? Dominance has no effect during meiosis. Each gamete (sex cell) will receive EITHER a blue form of the gene OR a brown form of the gene during meiosis.

41. Mrs. X has blue eyes (her phenotype is blue eyes.) Blue is a recessive form of the eye color gene. 4. What MUST her genotype be? The only way she could have blue eyes is if BOTH forms of her eye color gene were blue. Blue is RECESSIVE, so other forms(colors) of the eye color gene would beat it if paired with it. Her genotype must be ‘bb’. 5. What form of the eye color gene will be passed on in her sex cells? Since she only has blue forms of the gene, she can only pass on blue.

42. 6. If the brown form of the allele is dominant over the blue form, which of the male sex cells will win the race to fertilize the egg? Outta my way, loser. I’M the dominator here! Whatever, dude. There is no way to tell. Dominant vs. recessive makes NO DIFFERENCE before fertilization. It only has an effect when the two forms of the gene are paired together in the zygote.

43. 7. So if the male sex cell with a brown form of the gene fertilizes the egg, the zygote will have these two forms of the eye color gene: What color eyes will the baby have? 8. If the male sex cell with the blue-eyed form of the gene fertilizes the egg, the zygote will have these two eye color genes What color eyes will the baby have? 9. What color eyes would the baby have? 10. SO, a person can have brown eyes if his genotype is either BB or Bb. How can we tell the difference by looking at him if his genotype is BB or Bb? Brown. Double du-uh… Blue. Du-uh… Y’all can’t tell!

44. 11. What if Mrs. X had brown eyes too? Which of these eggs could be hers? Either one! Think about Mr. X. Mr. X had brown eyes, but he also has a blue-eye form of the gene as well. Since brown is dominant over blue, his brown gene form won out. Normal Body Cell Her genotype could be this… …or this.

45. So now we have Mr. X whose sex cells can have either a blue-eye or brown-eye allele. Mrs. X’s sex cells can have either a blue-eye or brown-eye allele. What are the possible combinations that could exist in the zygote?

46. Mr. XMrs. X Baby? 12. 13. 14. 15.

47. 16. So, the only way a baby can be born with blue eyes (a recessive trait) is: a.One of the parents must have two blue-eye alleles b.One of the parents must have at least one blue- eye allele to pass on. c.Both parents must possess at least one blue- eyed allele d.Both parents must have two blue-eye alleles

48. Guided Practice (Students complete on board or on SchoolPad.) PpPp T- full tail t- bobtail 17.

49. Guided Practice (Students complete on board or on SchoolPad.) B- BrownR-Round b- blue r- wrinkled 18.

50. TraitDominantRecessive Skin ColorBlue (G)Green (g) Eye ShapeRound Eye (R)Oval eye (r) Hair patternBald (B)Hairy (b) FingersThree on each hand (T)Four on each hand (t) FeetDuck feet/webbed (W)Chicken feet/not webbed (w) Blood TypeA and Bo Use the information in the table to answer the questions about aliens CLOSING 19. Classify each of the following as (He)terozygous or (Ho)mozygous: RR_________Tt__________bb___________Rr_____________ 20. Give the possible genotype(s) for each trait: Purebred blue skin _______________Round eyes ________________ Green skin _____________ Bald head ______________Four fingers ________________ Duck feet_______________ 21. Give the phenotype for each genotype listed below: Rr-___________________________TT-___________________________ ww-__________________________ bb-___________________________Bb-___________________________ Rr-___________________________

51. Day 4 Write in your notes: I can read, build, and analyze a Punnett square.

52. TraitDominantRecessive Skin ColorBlue (G)Green (g) Eye ShapeRound Eye (R)Oval eye (r) Hair patternBald (B)Hairy (b) FingersThree on each hand (T)Four on each hand (t) FeetDuck feet/webbed (W)Chicken feet/not webbed (w) Blood TypeA and Bo Classify each of the following as (He)terozygous or (Ho)mozygous: 1.RR_________2. Tt__________3. bb___________________ Give the possible genotype(s) for each trait: 4. Purebred blue skin ________ 5. Round eyes __________ 6. Green skin _______ Give the phenotype for each genotype listed below: 7. Rr-___________8. TT-______________ 9. ww-____________

53. Genetic scientists use a simple little device known as a Punnett Square to determine the likelihood or probability that certain traits will become part of the offspring’s genotype. Let’s take two rats and look at the alleles that control fur color. Keep in mind that a rat has two genes for every trait (one from mom and one from dad), and one of those two genes gets passed along to its offspring. We have a male with the genotype Aa, which is the agouti (brown and black mix) phenotype, and the female has the genotype, aa, and has a black phenotype. We want to figure out what colors their offspring might have. Male Genotype: Aa Phenotype: Agouti Female Genotype: aa Phenotype: Black

55. We put the males alleles, Aa, at the top, one allele above each box. And the females alleles, aa, on the left side, one beside each box. a a Aa

56. Now carry the A allele of the male into each box below it. Then the a allele of the male into each box below it. a A a a A A a a

57. Now carry the top a allele of the female to each box at the right. The dominant allele is always written first. Now carry the bottom a allele of the female to each box at its right. a A a a A A a a aa aa

58. Now we have all of the possibilities available from this pair of rats. According to the Punnett Square, 2 out of 4 boxes or 50% of the babies would have the genotype Aa, which is the agouti phenotype; 2 out of 4 boxes or 50% would have the genotype aa, which is the black phenotype. a a A a A A a a aa aa Genotypes: Aa: 50% aa: 50% Phenotypes: Agouti: 50% Black: 50%

59. Dominant Recessive PP pp Pp White Plant p p PurplePurple PPPP What color will all the flowers be in the first generation of offspring (F1 Hybrid)? NOW, breed any of the two F1 hybrid flowers above and see what happens… PPPp pp P p PpPp Mendel discovered that when two hybrids are bred, the recessive trait will appear in about 1 out of every 4 (25%) of the F2 hybrids

60. DAD MOM r r RRRR R is the dominant allele for brown hair r is the recessive allele for red hair Complete the Punnett Square to answer the following questions. 1. What color hair does dad have? Red 2. What color hair does mom have? Brown 3. What is the probability that the offspring will have brown hair? 4 of 4 or 100% 4. What percentage of the offspring will be purebred for brown hair? 0 of 4 or 0%

61. Practice 5. Mendel discovered that round seeds (R) are dominant to wrinkled seeds (r) in peas. If he crosses a purebred round-seeded plant with a purebred wrinkle- seeded plant, what is the likelihood that any of the offspring will produce wrinkled seeds? NONE of the genotypes result in winkled seeds. They all result in hybrid round seeds. The probability or likelihood that these two parents will produce plants with wrinkled seeds is o out of 4 or 0%.

62. All 4 or 100% 25% 6 7.

63. Round (R)- Dominant wrinkled (r)-recessive 8. 9. 2 of 4 or 50% RR rr 0 of 4 or 0%

64. 10. Werewolves who are purebred for the werewolf gene (WW) can turn into werewolves any time they want to. Werewolves who are hybrid for the werewolf gene (Ww) can only change into werewolves on the nights before, during, and after a full moon. If a male purebred werewolf (Jake) has children with his hybrid wife (McKenna), what percentage of their children will be able to turn into werewolves whenever they want to? Two of the four or 50%.

65. 11. Shane is a werewolf hybrid (Ww) which means he cannot control when he turns into a werewolf. He turns automatically on the night before during and after a full moon. His werewolf wife, Kayla, is also a werewolf hybrid. What percentage of their litters will be purebred werewolves (WW)? W w WwWw 1 of 4 or 25%.

66. 12. Izzy goes to the mall and meets the man of her dreams. He asks her to marry him, but reveals to her that he is a werewolf hybrid (Ww). Since Izzy is not a werewolf, her genotype is ww. Izzy is considering marrying the guy, but wants to know what the chances are that she will have kids that will turn into werewolves. What is the probability that a child of theirs will be born a werewolf? What is the probability that a child will be born a purebred werewolf? The probability is 0 %. 50% will be werewolves, but not PUREBRED.

67. 13. DeShawn and Lulu are both hybrid werewolves (Ww). If DeShawn and Lulu get married and have a litter of werewolf puppies, what percentage of their “pups” will be purebred werewolves? 1 in 4 or 25% What will this little fella here be? A pure HUMAN!

68. 14. In the Twilight Series of books and movies, Jacob Black is a shape-shifter who can turn into a large wolf. Let’s suppose that his shape-shifting ability is due to the presence of a dominant gene, S. Jacob’s genotype is Ss, which the lower case “s” being what a normal human has. If HE were to marry Bella (which I’m glad he doesn’t because she is annoying and he is cool) whose genotype is ss: Mrs. Padgett is a shape-shifter too… a.What is the probability that their children will be able to shape- shift? b. What is the probability that their children will be born purebred human? 2 of 4 or 50%. 2 of 4 or 50%

69. 15. Which of the following are genetic characteristics that a child could have inherited from his parent? A. scars from various injuries B. the color of his eyes C. the ability to dance well D. the inability to stop talking during class

70. 15. Which of the following are genetic characteristics that a child could have inherited from his parent? A. scars from various injuries B. the color of his eyes C. the ability to dance well D. the inability to stop talking during class

71. 16. In a historical voyage into the interior of the Amazonian rainforest, explorers discovered a previously unknown species of rodents of unusual size (ROUS). In a survey of the population, the explorers found that approximately 73 of the ROUS had black fur while 29 had brown fur. What can these explorers infer about the gene for fur color in ROUS? A. Black fur is dominant B. Brown fur is dominant C. Brown and black fur are co-dominant D. Not enough information is presented to answer the question

72. 17. Scientists traveling into previously unexplored areas of the Amazon Jungle discovered a new species of tree-climbing turtle. They discovered that there were approximately 400 turtles. About 100 of them had large, hook-like claws for climbing. The other 300, although apparently the same species, had flat claws that did not enable them to climb. What is the best assumption the scientists can make regarding the alleles for hooked claws? a. hooked claws are dominant b. hooked claws are recessive c. hooked claws and flat claws are co-dominant d. not enough information given to answer this question

73. 18.

74. 19. 20. 21.

75. Day 5 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8- 8Ykk36DcY&list=UUJjstNDkwktHyvUdtcBfb2g Mr. Parr Human Inheritance optional

76. 1. Predict the offspring from a cross between a purebred tall pea plant and a hybrid tall plant. Use T for tall and t for short. (a) Give the genotypes. Purebred Tall = ____ Hybrid Tall = ____ (b) Create a Punnett square to determine the genotypes for the offspring. (c) What is the probability that a plant would be tall? _______ % (d) What is the probability that a plant would be short? _______ % 2. Predict the offspring from a cross between two hybrid tall pea plants. (a) Give the genotype for a hybrid tall plant. ______ (b) Create a Punnett square to determine the genotypes for the offspring. (c) What is the probability that a plant would be tall? _____ % (d) What is the probability that a plant would be short? _____ % (e) If you were to plant 100 seeds from this cross, how many would you expect to be short?. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/http://sciencespot.net/

77. 1. Predict the offspring from a cross between a purebred tall pea plant and a hybrid tall plant. Use T for tall and t for short. (a) Give the genotypes. Purebred Tall = ____ Hybrid Tall = ____ (b) Create a Punnett square to determine the genotypes for the offspring. (c) What is the probability that a plant would be tall? (d) What is the probability that a plant would be short? T T Tt TTTt TTTt 0% 100% TTTt

78. 2. Predict the offspring from a cross between two hybrid tall pea plants. (a) Give the genotype for a hybrid tall plant. ______ (b) Create a Punnett square to determine the genotypes for the offspring. (c) What is the probability that a plant would be tall? (d) What is the probability that a plant would be short? (e) If you were to plant 100 seeds from this cross, how many would you expect to be short? T t Tt TTTt tt 25% 75% Tt 25% of 100 = 25 plants

79. 3. Predict the offspring from a cross between a purebred pea plant with purple flowers and a pea plant with white flowers. Use P for purple and p for white. (a) Give the genotypes. Purebred Purple = ____ White = ____ (b) Create a Punnett square to determine the genotypes for the offspring. (c) What is the probability that a plant would have purple flowers? _______ % (d) What is the probability that a plant would have white flowers? _______ % 4. If you crossed two hybrid plants with purple flowers and planted 200 of the seeds, how many would you expect to have with white flowers. Create a Punnett square to support your answer.

80. 3. Predict the offspring from a cross between a purebred pea plant with purple flowers and a pea plant with white flowers. Use P for purple and p for white. (a) Give the genotypes. Purebred Purple = ____ White = ____ (b) Create a Punnett square to determine the genotypes for the offspring. (c) What is the probability that a plant would have purple flowers? (d) What is the probability that a plant would have white flowers? P P pp Pp 0% 100% PPpp

81. 4. If you crossed two hybrid plants with purple flowers and planted 200 of the seeds, how many would you expect to have with white flowers. Create a Punnett square to support your answer. P p Pp PPPp pp You would expect to see white flowers on 25% of the plants, which would be 50 plants.

82. Some people have dimples, while others do not. The presence of dimples is a dominant trait (D), while not having dimples is recessive (d). (5) Susie has dimples, but her husband, Tom, does not. Their first child has his father's phenotype. What are the genotypes of the mother, father, and child? Mother’s Genotype: _______ Father’s Genotype: _______ Son’s Genotype: _______ (6) What is the probability that a second child won’t have dimples? Create a Punnett square to support your answer. SCIENCE STARTER Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/ http://sciencespot.net/

83. Some people have dimples, while others do not. The presence of dimples is a dominant trait (D), while not having dimples is recessive (d). (5) Susie has dimples, but her husband, Tom, does not. Their first child has his father's phenotype. What are the genotypes of the mother, father, and child? Mother’s Genotype: _______ Father’s Genotype: _______ Son’s Genotype: _______ (6) What is the probability that a second child won’t have dimples? Create a Punnett square to support your answer. D d dd Dd dd Dd dd There would be a 50% probability that the second child would not have dimples.

84. In Dalmatians, the trait for black spots (B) is dominant over the recessive trait for no spots. Use this information to answer these questions. (7) Two Dalmatians with black spots have puppies. One of the dogs is homozygous for black spots, while the other is heterozygous. Out of a litter of 4 puppies, how many would you expect to have without spots? Create a Punnett square to support your answer. (8) Two Dalmatians had a large litter of 10 puppies. Seven of them have black spots, while 3 do not. What would the genotypes of the two parents need to be for this result? Create a Punnett square to support your answer.

85. (7) Two Dalmatians with black spots have puppies. One of the dogs is homozygous for black spots, while the other is heterozygous. Out of a litter of 4 puppies, how many would you expect to have without spots? Create a Punnett square to support your answer. B b BB BB Bb None of them would be all white, since all the offspring would have black spots.

86. (8) Two Dalmatians had a large litter of 10 puppies. Seven of them have black spots, while 3 do not. What would the genotypes of the two parents need to be for this result? Create a Punnett square to support your answer. b b Bb Bbbb Bbbb B b Bb BBBb bb B b BB BB Bb The parents would have both have to be Bb or heterozygous for black spots in order to have 7 out of 10 or about 75% of puppies with black spots.

87. 9. In a historical voyage into the interior of the Amazonian rainforest, explorers discovered a previously unknown species of rodents of unusual size (ROUS). In a survey of the population, the explorers found that approximately 73 of the ROUS had black fur while 29 had brown fur. What can these explorers infer about the gene for fur color in ROUS? A. Black fur is dominant B. Brown fur is dominant C. Brown and black fur are co-dominant D. Not enough information is presented to answer the question

88. Beth loves snakes. She owns and breeds Ball pythons. In Ball Pythons, the allele for albinism is recessive to the normal pigment allele. In her group of Ball Pythons, Beth has some that express normal pigment (N) while others express the albino trait (n). Beth gets $100 for her normal adult pythons, but gets $200 for her albino pythons. If Beth decides to specialize in only albino Ball Pythons, what breeding plan should she follow? Beth should breed albino pythons only with other albino pythons. 10.